Underground accident protection measures and disposal procedures

Downhole accident handling procedures

(A) Lifesaving

(1) When it is discovered that the well falling personnel is injured or has been in a coma state, after confirming that the well body is not collapsed or may be in danger of secondary injury, the correct rescue method should be selected and the well should be rescued.

(2) When the wellhead is too narrow to lay people or has collapsed, it is necessary to quickly mobilize the amount of social power, use an excavator or a pile driver to dig channels from the side or drill a hole to save people.

(3) For the situation where the well-falling person is not injured or is more alert, he or she should quickly use ropes or other lifting equipment to carry out rescue and direct promotion.

(2) On-the-spot first aid and clean-up transfer After the rescue is completed, the survivors should be given medical assistance at the first time and sent to the hospital in a timely manner. For those who are determined to be dead by the on-site medical staff, they should be handed over to the public security agency for disposal. Downhole rescue safety measures Underground rescue is an extremely dangerous rescue operation. Therefore, only when the rescue personnel and the rescued person are protected can they truly achieve “scientific rescue and failsafe”.

(1) During the rescue, prevent the respirator mask from falling off or the air supply pipeline from being damaged to threaten the safety of the rescue personnel. The personnel around the wellhead need to be small and precise, to prevent the wellhead from falling or to drop objects, causing danger. If using a triangular rescue bracket, it must be checked for firmness.

(2) When using excavation work, there must be safety observers to observe the rescue situation at all times. On the one hand, the excavator should avoid hitting the shaft wall and threaten the personnel who fell well. On the other hand, after excavating to a certain depth, the collapse should be avoided. Timely reinforcement of steep slopes. As for various underground rescue scenes, due to the fact that the actual conditions on the site are different, the fire rescue personnel should take the concrete analysis of specific issues, fully integrate the existing equipment and equipment, and complete the rescue task under the condition of ensuring safety. When an accident occurs, there must be a rapid withdrawal condition.

(3) Before carrying out underground rescue operations, it is necessary to clarify the actual situation downhole and must confirm whether the deep well will collapse. Rescue workers must wear respirators and safety ropes.

(3) After the scene reconnaissance and rescue personnel have reached the scene, the first task is to conduct on-site reconnaissance. The specific reconnaissance contents are as follows:

(1) Inquire about the natural conditions of the well falling time, the cause of the well falling, the number of people, the age, the gender, etc., and promptly report to the underground to test whether anyone responds.

(2) Determine the size of the wellhead, the depth of the well, the danger of collapse of the wellbore wall, and determine if there is water accumulation and toxic and harmful gases downhole.

(3) For more complex deep wells, the position and status of underground personnel can be judged by equipment such as "Snake Eye" life detectors. For complicated municipal deep well pipelines or engineering wells in factory mining areas, the municipal management design department and the unit where the units are located should be provided with a deep well pipeline design network map to understand the layout, trend and structure of the deep well pipelines.

(4) Preparation for rescue

(1) According to the specific conditions of the scene, the warning zone shall be designated in a timely manner and a cordon shall be set. Responsible personnel are grouped and divided into labor divisions and reserve teams are set up. At the same time, excessive personnel at the wellhead are avoided, resulting in the collapse of the wellbore wall and causing secondary damage to the well falling personnel.

(2) If there is water in the well, the water pump can be used to collect the accumulated water in the well and reduce the water level in the well to prevent the falling personnel from falling into the submerged area. If there are toxic and harmful gases downhole, the equipment for sending and exhausting smoke should be fully utilized to reduce the concentration of hazardous gases.

(3) The safety officer shall check equipment and equipment such as respirator pressure, safety ropes and safety belts, determine the fixed point of the safety rope, and make a record.

(4) Firstly provide fresh air or oxygen to the downhole, send air into the well with a blower or a fume exhauster, or lift a few open air respirator bottles down the well and use a mobile gas source to trap the well People can breathe air and prevent people falling in the well from suffocating.

(5) As far as possible, put the rope into the well and fix the person who falls well to prevent him from falling. If the person falling in the trap is younger, you can use a fire hook or hook one end of the rebar to hook the trapper, saving energy and waiting for rescue.

Downhole accident handling difficulties

(1) Rescue space limitations For firefighting and rescue, most of the wellheads are no more than 1 meter in diameter, and some are even only a few tens of centimeters. Rescue workers cannot enter. Even if they can enter, the activity space is very small and activities are limited. Rescue operations are difficult to carry out. Many rescue operations that we can easily accomplish on the ground cannot be implemented downhole.

(2) The urgency of rescue time For the personnel falling into the well, most of the well-falling personnel are already in an injured or unconscious state, and there is basically no possibility of self-rescue. The underground space has thin air, low oxygen concentration, high carbon dioxide concentration, and sometimes other toxic and harmful gases will directly harm human health. Therefore, how to complete the rescue in the shortest time is a key factor in measuring the success or failure of a rescue operation.

(C) Rescue of environmental risks We know that when people are in the air with oxygen concentrations below 18%, pale and unconsciousness will soon appear. Once personnel fall into deep wells, the carbon dioxide produced by breathing is relatively easy to accumulate in deep wells because of its large proportion. Therefore, the downhole rescue environment is very dangerous for both the well-falling person and the fire-fighting rescue worker; in the deep well of the city's sewage pipeline. Some decaying materials accumulated over many years will form some harmful gases (such as hydrogen sulfide and biogas), which will directly lead to poisoning and even death of people. For most of the deep wells, dark and humid environments, lower temperatures, isolated and even poorly communicated rescue conditions and other factors will directly harm both the physical and mental well-being and fire and rescue personnel. Security.

The invention of underground rescue

Practical underground fire-fighting equipment for firefighters Jiamusi fire protection innovation: Multi-function shaft rescue equipment

In September 2005, the multi-function shaft lifesaving device designed and invented by the brigade of Jiamusi City, Heilongjiang Province, was verified by experiments and passed by relevant experts. The shaft lifesaving device is composed of two six-meter ladders, a detachable frame with two 8-meter-long steel pipes, a fixed pulley, a steel wire rope of about 30 meters in length, a seat belt, and a shaking. Wheel hub, a safety hook and other components. When used, only two six-meter ladders need to be pulled out as brackets. The detachable frame is then installed on the upper part of the two ladders to be fixed, and then the seat belt is connected through the fixed pulley and the rockable hub. Secure the seat belt at the waist of the combatant to implement the rescue. The multifunctional shaft lifesaving device is quick to assemble and the combatant is easy to operate. It takes only 3 minutes from the start of the assembly to the implementation of the rescue to complete the operation. The invention of the multi-function shaft survival equipment remedy the lack of life-saving equipment in the handling of such accidents by grass-roots units. Firefighters made self-made earth-invention repeated Shenwei accumulated 25 wells

On September 3, 2009, a peasant woman in Sangzhuang Village, Liyang Town, Yu County, Henan province accidentally fell into a 25-meter deep well. Firefighters' self-made "earth inventions" were launched downhole, and those who fell into the well after 20 minutes were rescued. According to statistics, since the birth of "Soil Invention", 25 victims have been rescued in deep wells. After the peasant woman was rescued from the fall, the inventor of the miraculous "rescue tool" and the agent of the county fire brigade acted as the platoon leader, Han Quan, proudly packing his own "Baby" baby. Xiao Han introduced that this is the “earth invention” that he has drummed up through practice. Its greatest advantage is that as long as it is thrown to the bottom of the well, the trapped person can clip the scissors and the ring-shaped rescue equipment on the body. The firefighters then Use a tripod to quickly pull the trapped person from the bottom of the well. Hengshui firefighting developed the "deep well rescuer" With the acceleration of the pace of building a new socialist countryside, the irrigation system in rural areas has been replaced with new ones. Many abandoned wells have been left behind in the field. Due to poor management in peacetime, many safety hazards have arisen, and for rural children, very. In order to improve the rescue efficiency, the officers and men of the fire brigade of Hengshui City, Hebei Province, recently invented a special “deep well rescuer” on the basis of improving the original deep well rescue equipment. The rescue device is in the form of a tripod, and is composed of only three iron columns and is combined into a corner frame with adjustable height and width. Three anti-skid chains are installed between the three iron columns. The installation principle is similar to the camera tripod. Uniquely, there is a fixed pulley on each of the three different "legs" to ensure that three rescue aid belts can be transported downhole at one time, which increases the rescue efficiency of the rescue device in unit time. The utility model has the advantages of low production cost, easy access to materials, easy operation and convenient carrying, and particularly, the success rescue rate for falling children is close to 100%. During the research and development process, the leader of the detachment paid great attention to the team leader Wang Guoping and political commissar Wang Yingjiang repeatedly proposed a rectification plan and conducted on-site guidance.邯郸 Fire officers and soldiers invented the first battle victory for deep well rescuers

At 17:12 on July 8, 2010, the Squadron of Fuping Guangping County received an alarm, and the alarm person reported that a child of Miaoxinzhai Village, Pinggudian Town, Guangping County, had fallen into a well. Using a deep-well rescuer invented by the deceased squad leader Chen Jianqiang to rescue the trapped children. The device was successfully participated in the rescue for the first time. In Handan, counties in the prefectures and counties, droughts occur frequently during the irrigation season. The farmer's wells in the countryside have become a good helper for ensuring good harvests. At the same time, open wells without cover and without obvious signs have become a major threat to life and safety. . According to incomplete statistics, there are dozens of such accidents each year, and loss of life and property can not be measured. Regarding the loss of the wells, due to the lack of professional life-saving equipment, the rescue time was too long, resulting in double dangers for rescue officers and trapped personnel, which did not achieve the purpose of rapid rescue. The first deep-well rescue device of the firefighting invention was successfully tested on June 24, 2010. The inventor of the deep well rescue device was Chen Jianqiang, a non-commissioned officer of the Fire Fighting Squadron in the Feifei County. In her spare time, Xiaochen consulted the professor of the Department of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of the University and asked the senior engineer of the China Coal Design Institute to design and find the machine factory and electrical welding shop to process the product. After two years of time, the type of the extended deep well rescuer model 1 was successfully developed. The rescue equipment is divided into three parts: the well, the middle of the well and the bottom of the well. The well has a triangular support, a connection pipe in the middle of the well, and a rescue support at the bottom of the well. And installed video, audio head, LCD monitor console, you can monitor the underground, and can also dialogue with the underground. Connect oxygen, air and gas detection equipment according to actual conditions to implement rescue operations more effectively.

This instrument is a research and development research project for the year 2010. The device is humanized and has high technical content. It has applied for three national patents. After a number of local companies learned about the project, they were eager to cooperate in the development of the equipment. After the success of the deep well rescuer 1 experiment, it was continuously practiced and updated. The next step in the development of the deep well rescuer 1 was to develop the deep well rescue 2 (deep well rescue robot) on the agenda.