Regardless of the natural water, the main salts dissociate into the following ions in solution.
Cation: Ca'-'Na+, K+.
Anions: HCU3, CCY3, cl-, S 2-04.
The content of these eight main ions accounts for 95% to 99% of the total amount of dissolved substances in the aqueous solution. The eight major ions are combined with each other, and the arrangement of the imaginary combinations is a^-f.
As shown in Figure 1-2.
Because +, M dream ten is the most easy to combine with HCO3; secondly, it is combined with S 204 to form a precipitate, and Na, K+ and Cl combine to form NaCl which is dissolved in ''one'. The amount of B represents Ca(HC03) z 1 b--c represents Ca(HC03 ) 2 , cd represents MgS04, and the rest is Naz S04., NaCl salt.
The dissolution of salts and alkalis in water is as follows:
1) Potassium, sodium and strontium compounds are soluble in water
2) Nitrate can be dissolved in water.
3) Chloride is soluble in water except for silver, mercury, and lead (slightly soluble).
4) Sulfate is soluble in water except for bismuth, lead and calcium (slightly soluble).
5) Carbonate is insoluble in water except potassium, sodium and money.
6) Oxides and hydroxides are insoluble in water except potassium, sodium, rubidium and cesium; calcium hydroxide is slightly soluble in water.
7) Colloidal substances such as iron, aluminum, silicon oxides and hydroxides can be dissolved in water, the solubility is related to the pH value of water, and the classification of impurities in water is shown in Table 1-
Suspended particles in aqueous solutions are generally observed directly, and colloidal materials are observed under high power microscopes. The three solution states that are actually present in natural water are generally present at the same time.
Although there are many types of tapping screws, they all have the following similarities:
(1) are generally made of carbonized carbon steel (accounting for 99% of total production). It can also be made of stainless steel or non-ferrous metals.
(2) The product must be heat treated. Carbon steel tapping screws must be carbonized and stainless steel tapping screws must be solution hardened. In order to make tapping screws to meet the requirements of the standard of mechanical properties and performance.
(3) The product surface hardness is high, the core toughness is good. That is, "soft inside strong outside". This is a major feature of tapping Screw performance requirements. If the surface hardness is low, it can not be screwed into the matrix; If the core toughness is poor, a twist will break, can not be used. So "inside soft outside steel" is self-tapping screw to meet the use of performance, very important requirements.
(4) The surface of the product needs surface protection treatment, generally electroplating treatment. Some product surface must be treated by phosphate (photostatting), such as wall panel self - tapping screws for photostatting.
(5) Production by cold heading process. It is recommended to use high-speed cold heading machine and high-speed wire rolling machine or high-speed planetary wire rolling machine. High speed is emphasized here to ensure product quality. Only the head of tapping screw produced by high-speed machine is well formed and the thread quality is high.
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