According to the report of the Physicist Organization Network on September 25th, American scientists have joined hands to form a molecule by inducing photons to adhere together under a specific medium. This new material form not only challenges the tradition that photons will not interact with each other. The concept is also expected to be used in quantum computers, traditional computers, and other fields. Research papers were published in the magazine Nature today.
The leader of the study, Mikhail Lukin, a professor of physics at Harvard University, said that people have always believed that photons have no quality and will not interact. But in the particular medium we make, photons interact strongly with each other so that they begin to behave like mass and attach together to form molecules. A long time ago, we had a theoretical discussion on the state of photon attachment, but so far it has not been observed.
In the experiment, scientists first pumped helium atoms into a cavity, then used a laser to cool the atom cloud a few degrees above absolute zero, and then used a very weak laser pulse to shoot a single photon into the atomic cloud.
Lu Jin said that when a photon enters the atomic cloud, its energy will cause the atom to travel along its path, causing the photon's velocity to drop rapidly. As the photon passes through the atomic cloud, its energy is also transferred from one atom to another, and eventually leaves the atom cloud with the photon.
But when Lu Jin and colleagues shot two photons into the cloud, they were surprised to see that the two photons exited together as one molecule. Lu Jin explained that this is because of the blockade effect of Ridderberg. In this state, when an atom is excited, its surrounding atoms cannot be excited to the same degree, which means that when two photons enter the atomic cloud, the first photon excites an atom, but Before the second photon fires adjacent atoms, it must move forward. The result is that two photons push and pull each other in an atomic cloud, and their energy is also transferred from one atom to another.
Lu Jin said: “This is a photon interaction that is regulated by interactions between atoms, making two photons the same as one molecule, and when they exit the media, they are more likely to withdraw from the media together. Not very common, but it does work."
Lu Jin explained that, first of all, it can be used in quantum computers. Photons are thought to be the particles most likely to carry quantum information as quantum dots, but their drawback is that photons do not interact with each other. The latest system shows that we can do this. However, we also need to improve its performance in order to create a practical quantum switch or photonic logic gate.
Lu Jin said that given the current power challenges faced by chip makers, this system is even expected to be used in traditional computers. At present, many large companies, including IBM, are trying to develop systems that rely on photonic paths. Such systems can convert optical signals into electrical signals. In addition, such systems may also be used to create complex, three-dimensional structures made entirely of light. (Liu Xia)
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