After years of development, China has become a major global steel producer. However, at a time when crude steel production hit a record high, the low value-added, low gross margin interest rate that has plagued China's steel industry for many years has always lingered. Stepping into the “Twelfth Five-Year Planâ€, the steel industry is also welcoming transformation opportunities. According to authoritative sources, one of the core guiding principles of the forthcoming iron and steel industry's “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†is to focus on structural adjustment, transformation and upgrading, and expand the high-performance steel products. At the same time, it will strengthen the steel industry chain extension and upstream and downstream. Coordinated development. Obviously, the road to higher value-added development is in line with the long-term development trend of the steel industry. However, how is the high-performance steel that is expected to develop? How to promote? Can you help the industry get rid of the downturn? A puzzle is still to be solved. Structural transformation is imminent China's steel industry has achieved rapid development during the “Eleventh Five-Year Plan†period. In 2010, the country's crude steel output has exceeded 600 million tons. In 2011, it is moving towards a breakthrough of 700 million tons. When the traditional steel production capacity faces the bottleneck of low added value and high energy consumption and is about to be phased out, the high-performance steel products will become the breakthrough point for the industry to crack resources, environment and energy consumption, and realize the transformation of varieties and structure. Not only is the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†new material planning to list high-performance steel as one of the key varieties supported by the policy. In the forthcoming “12th Five-Year Plan†for the steel industry, the development of high-performance steel is also a top priority. Miao Zhimin, director of the Steel Division of the Raw Materials Division of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that during the "Twelfth Five-Year Plan" period, it is necessary to promote the upgrading of steel products. For the steel products with “a large amount of breadthâ€, the main reason is to upgrade the grade and stability, and comprehensively promote the upgrading of steel standards. For “high-performance†steel products, the focus is on strengthening applications. At the same time, a few powerful companies are encouraged to develop high-end steel products and support the development of special steel enterprises. It is understood that the state will support the research and development of iron and steel enterprises, the industrialization of research results and the development of related supporting facilities through tax reduction, subsidies and major project support. More people in the industry estimate that the support funds are jointly borne by enterprises and the government, or hundreds of billions of yuan. In fact, the development and application of high-performance steel involves many industrial fields. From the perspective of the steel industry, high-performance steel covers almost all high-performance products in all steel products. In an interview with China Securities Journal, Chi Jingdong, deputy secretary general and chief analyst of China Iron and Steel Association, said that the high-performance steel mentioned in the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†mainly refers to key steel products, including the use of “large amount of noodlesâ€. Wide variety, such as high-performance rebar, also includes some high-quality, high value-added steel products, such as automotive panels, gear steel, high-speed train moving rails, axles, high-pressure boiler panels, offshore platform steel, petroleum It is made of steel, steel for transportation, etc. It also includes a large number of special steels and special materials. Taking special steel as an example, as early as the beginning of this year, the "12th Five-Year Plan for the Iron and Steel Industry (Draft)", it has already pointed out that the key directions of special steel will be high-speed railway, urban rail transit, offshore engineering and offshore oil exploitation. Special steel for the manufacture of high-end equipment such as large and special performance ships and ships, energy-saving and environmentally friendly vehicles, and UHV power grids. Obviously, when China enters the middle and late stage of industrialization development, the traditional “reinforcement + cement†extensive investment has gradually declined, and the evolution of downstream transportation, machinery and other industries to high-end demand is prompting the structural transformation and upgrading of the steel industry. . However, some high-end steel products are facing a situation in which domestic production is weak and still depends on imports. "The import volume of some domestic steels is relatively large, and the domestic production capacity can not meet the demand." Hu Yanping, an analyst of the joint metal network, pointed out that the domestically produced ordinary varieties of steel account for a relatively large proportion, and some cold-rolled, galvanized, silicon steel and other varieties depend on it. import. But overall, high performance steel has been a long-term development trend of the industry. After years of development, China's mainly relying on imported steel products has become less and less, but companies with the ability to produce high-performance steel are still concentrated in a few large steel groups. “There are not many domestic enterprises that can produce high-end products. Some varieties have about ten companies that can produce them, and some even have one or two.†Chi Jingdong said that like cold-rolled panels for automobiles, only Baosteel, Anshan Iron and Steel, and Wuhan Iron and Steel are currently available. These companies, Shougang, can produce, and other companies have not yet reached this level of ability and level. Special steel production capacity is also mainly concentrated in Shanghai Baosteel, Northeast Special Steel and other enterprises. It is understood that Baosteel Co., Ltd. (600019), as a leading Chinese steel company, produces products mainly for automobiles and shipbuilding, with high technical content and added value. Northeast Special Steel is a large-scale production of special steel in China, and maintains a high market share in the fields of mold steel, automobile gear steel, and high-temperature alloy bearing steel. In addition, WISCO's high-grade oriented silicon steel, Maanshan's high-speed wheel steel, Angang's oil-resistant cargo tanks with corrosion-resistant ship plates, and Taigang's high-strength stainless steel products also have high technical content. The industry linkage arrow on the string "12th Five-Year" high-performance steel development is just around the corner, and the relationship between product development, production and application in the industry has yet to be straightened out. How to make the high-performance steel products produced by steel enterprises get practical application? The most effective way is to establish an industrial linkage mechanism to promote the interaction between production and demand. Xu Wenli, deputy director of the Steel Division of the Raw Materials Division of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, pointed out that high-performance steel has many restrictive links and is difficult to advance. It is difficult for enterprises and industry associations to effectively coordinate the relations and interests of all parties. It is necessary to rely on government forces to coordinate and promote the establishment. Cross-industry cooperation promotion mechanism. During the 12th Five-Year Plan period, the steel industry will face upgrading and upgrading. High-performance steel will be mainly carried out in the form of industrial linkage.†Chi Jingdong said that the Ministry of Industry and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development will jointly promote the model of high-strength steel bars, with automobiles, shipbuilding and power generation. Machinery, and other industries set up a promotion coordination group, from technology development, product production and application, to the revision of the use of standards, must be promoted by the linkage between industry and strategic cooperation. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology revealed that the Raw Materials Division of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology is working with the Equipment Division to establish a cooperation mechanism in the shipbuilding industry. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology will actively promote the cooperation mechanism of high-performance steel materials in the fields of automobiles, home appliances, petroleum, railways, etc., promote the upgrading and structural adjustment of the steel industry and key steel industry, and realize the overall technological progress of the industrial chain. The proposal of the industry linkage slogan is aimed at the number one crux of the "lack of linkage mechanism between industries and the solitary warfare of various industries" in the process of high-performance steel propulsion. In fact, from the perspective of production, in recent years, China's steel product structure optimization has made some progress. According to the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the self-sufficiency rate of China's steel industry has increased from 84.3% in 2001 to 97% in 2010, and a number of high-strength construction steel plates, high-performance pipeline steel, large-scale hydropower station steel, and high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel have been developed. High-performance steel materials such as high-speed railway rails, high-strength automotive panels, alloy materials for spacecraft, and high-strength threaded steel for seismic construction. Due to the increase in self-sufficiency rate, most of China's steel products have been able to achieve independent production. According to the China Steel Association, from the import situation, there are only more than 10 million tons of domestically produced varieties and imported products in terms of quality and performance, and the rest can be basically resolved. However, the current problem is that the promotion of high-performance steel requires two-way cooperation between the production end and the customer end, and the current use of high-performance steel materials is relatively low. Taking construction steel as an example, according to industry insiders, China's steel products are classified into grades II, III and IV. Among them, grade III and grade IV have high strength, good toughness and high seismic performance. Grade III steel bars have been widely used in the United States, Britain, Japan and other countries, while China still uses II grade steel bars. The call to promote Class III rebar and to eliminate Class II rebar has been around since the 1990s, but it has not been implemented until recently. It is precisely because of the lack of effective mechanisms that the downstream construction industry is still accustomed to the use of Grade II rebar as the main reinforcement design, resulting in the inability to connect with producers in actual promotion and application. Last year, the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development clearly requested that starting from July 1 this year, the national key projects will use Grade III rebar. The Ministry of Industry and Information Technology and the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development have also jointly established the promotion and application of high-strength steel bar coordination mechanism to promote the connection between the "Steel Standard for Reinforced Concrete" and the "Code for Design of Concrete Structures". Once the design specifications are revised, Level III or Level IV is “mandatoryâ€, and the steel can be upgraded from the demand side, thus driving the development of the domestic construction steel industry. Insiders pointed out that in 2010 China's total steel production exceeded 130 million tons, of which 400MPa and above high-strength steel production accounted for about 37%. If the proportion of steel bars consumption of Grade III and above increases by 30%-50%, at least 10 million tons of steel can be saved. The data shows that during the “Twelfth Five-Year Plan†period, rebar, hot-rolled strip and hot-rolled silicon steel will be phased out, which will free up 78 million tons, 45.41 million tons and 585,000 tons respectively. In addition, the amount of steel plate in the plate is 40 million tons / year, of which high-end products accounted for only 5%, the product development space is very broad. The industry will continue to bear high costs, high energy consumption, low added value, low gross profit margin in the short term ... This has always been a "sickness" that plagues the steel industry. Insiders pointed out that in the long run, the development goals of high-performance steel will promote the upgrading of the industry. However, “the water is difficult to solve the thirstâ€, the steel industry is still facing the pressure of raw material costs and management costs in the short term. “Developing high-performance steel and upgrading products is the long-term development goal of the industry. But in the short term, controlling production costs and managing financial costs is still an urgent problem for the steel industry.†Xu Xiangchun, an analyst at My Steel, pointed out that The high cost of raw materials brought about by high iron ore prices has become an important factor affecting the profitability of the industry. According to the China Steel Association data, China imported 389 million tons of iron ore from January to July this year, an increase of 7.81% year-on-year. The average imported iron ore CIF price was US$162.76/ton, up 37.79% year-on-year. Based on this calculation, China's imported iron ore has paid an additional 21.101 billion US dollars over the same period of the previous year, equivalent to an additional payment of 137.19 billion yuan, which is 2.1 times the profits of large and medium-sized steel enterprises in the same period. Luo Bingsheng, deputy secretary of the China Steel Association Party Committee and chairman of China United Steel Network, said that the large price increase of imported iron ore is the main reason for the low-efficiency operation of the whole industry. The high price of imported iron ore has brought huge losses to the whole industry. "Global iron ore prices continue to rise, making the profitability of steel companies continue to decline. In turn, the profits of mining companies have increased substantially." Luo Bingsheng pointed out that in the first half of this year, Vale realized profits of 13.28 billion US dollars, BHP Billiton realized profits. The US$13.08 billion has exceeded the total profit of China's steel industry. This situation is extremely unreasonable. Importing high-priced iron ore has become the main reason for the high cost and low efficiency of the steel industry. If high-priced iron ore is the main reason for the low profitability of the industry, then the higher management financial cost level of China's steel industry is another "culprit" to swallow profits. From January to July, the actual financial expenses of large and medium-sized steel enterprises were 34.846 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 33.51%, accounting for 1.65% of sales revenue. In order to solve these problems, Luo Bingsheng pointed out that it is necessary to adhere to the development strategy of “going outâ€, increase investment, development and shareholding of overseas iron ore mines, and increase the proportion of overseas equity mines. At the same time, regulate the order of imported iron ore market, and do a good job in the management of imported iron ore agent system and imported iron ore flow. In addition, the steel industry should control the substantial increase in financial expenses, reduce the total physical inventory and reduce the capital occupation, ensure the reasonable flow of corporate funds, and improve the quality and efficiency of operations.
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