With the development of automotive, communication, IT and daily hardware manufacturing, sheet metal processing has become more and more popular, and it is more necessary to understand sheet metal processing. Below we will make some simple calculations on the basis and processing methods of sheet metal processing. discuss:
1. Sheet metal materials
N1, electrolytic plate: SECC (N) (anti-fingerprint plate), SECC (P), DX1, DX2, SECD (stretched plate). Material hardness: HRB50 ° ± 5 °, tensile plate: HRB 32 ° ~ 37 °.
N2, cold rolled sheet: SPCC, SPCD (stretched sheet), 08F, 20, 25, Q235-A, CRS. Material hardness: HRB 50 ° ± 5 °, tensile plate: HRB 32 ° ~ 37 °.
N3, aluminum plate: AL, AL (1035), AL (6063), AL (5052), and the like.
N4, stainless steel plate: SUS, SUS301 (302, 303, 304), 2Cr13, 1Cr18Ni9Ti, and the like.
N5, other commonly used materials are: pure copper plate (T1, T2), hot rolled plate, spring steel plate, galvanized sheet, aluminum profiles.
Second, sheet metal processing methods
N1, blanking:
n Unloading is the cutting of the material into the desired shape according to the unfolding. There are many methods for cutting, which can be divided into cutting, punching and laser cutting according to the type and working principle of the machine.
N1.1 Shearing – Cut the desired shape with a shearer. Accuracy can reach more than 0.2mm, mainly used for cutting strips or trimming materials.
N1.2 Punching and cutting - cutting with CNC punch (NC) or ordinary punch. The accuracy of the two feeding methods can reach more than 0.1mm, but the former will have the knife mark and the efficiency is relatively low when the material is cut. The latter has high efficiency, but the single cost is high, which is suitable for mass production.
N1.2.1 When the CNC punching machine is unloaded, it is fixed by the upper and lower molds, and the table moves to punch the sheet to process the required workpiece shape. Our CNC punching machines mainly include Taiwan Lifu and AMADA.
N1.2.2 Ordinary punching machine is used to move out the upper and lower molds and use the blanking die to punch out the required shape of the material. Ordinary punching machines generally have to be matched with the shearing machine to punch out the desired shape, that is, after cutting the strips with the shearing machine, the punching machine is used to punch out the desired shape of the material.
N1.3 Laser cutting – Continuous cutting of the sheet with a laser cutting device to obtain the desired shape of the part. It is characterized by high precision and can process parts with very complex shapes, but the processing cost is relatively high.
N2, forming:
n Sheet metal forming is the most important processing method in sheet metal processing. Forming can be divided into manual forming and machine forming. Hand forming is often used as a supplementary processing or finishing work and is rarely used. However, when processing some materials with complicated shapes or deformations, manual forming is still indispensable. Manual forming is done using a few simple fixtures. The following methods are mainly used: bending, edging, edge-closing, arching, curling, and sizing.
n Our main discussion here is machine forming: bending forming, stamping forming.
N2.1 Bending forming - The upper and lower dies are respectively fixed to the upper and lower tables of the folding bed, and the relative movement of the driving table is transmitted by the servo motor, and the shape of the upper and lower dies is combined to realize the bending forming of the plate. The forming accuracy of the bend can reach 0.1 mm.
N2.2 Stamping forming——Using the power generated by the motor driven flywheel to drive the upper mold, combined with the relative shape of the upper and lower molds, the sheet is deformed to realize the processing and forming of the material. The precision of press forming can reach 0.1mm or more. Punch presses can be divided into ordinary punch presses and high speed presses.
N3, join
n Sheet metal joints are used to join different materials in a certain way to get the desired product. Sheet metal joints can be divided into: welding, riveting, threaded joints, etc.
N3.1 Welding can be divided into: CO2 welding, Ar welding, resistance welding and so on.
N3.1.1 CO2 welding processing principle: The protective gas (CO2) is used to mechanically isolate the air from the molten metal to prevent oxidation and nitridation of the molten metal. It is mainly used for welding iron. Features: strong connection and good sealing performance. Disadvantages: It is easy to deform when welding. CO2 welding equipment is mainly divided into robot CO2 welder and manual CO2 welder.
N3.1.2 Ar arc welding is mainly used for welding aluminum and stainless steel materials. Its processing principle and advantages and disadvantages are the same as CO2. The equipment is also divided into robot welding and manual welding.
N3.1.3 Working principle of resistance welding: Using the resistance heat generated by the current through the weldment, the molten weldment is heated to connect the weldments. The equipment mainly includes Songxing series, Qilong series and so on.
N3.2 Riveting can be divided into: rivet joint and rivet joint. Common riveting equipment includes riveting machines, rivet guns and POP rivet guns.
N3.2.1 The riveting joint presses the screw and nut into the material to make it possible to thread other parts.
N3.2.2 Rivet coupling is the use of rivets to pull the two pieces together.
Third, the surface treatment
The surface decoration and protection of the surface of the product is recognized by many industries. In the sheet metal industry, the surface treatment methods commonly used are electroplating, spraying and other forms of surface treatment.
N1, electroplating is divided into: galvanized (color zinc, white zinc, blue zinc, black zinc), nickel plating, chrome plating, etc.; mainly to form a protective layer on the surface of the material, to protect and decorate
effect;
N2, spray spray paint and powder spray two, after the material is pre-treated, spray the paint onto the surface of the workpiece with a spray gun, the paint forms a coating on the surface of the workpiece. After drying, it plays a protective role;
n Other ways of surface: anodizing, chromate, wire drawing, sand blasting, etc.;
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Tag: sheet metal; processing; hardware
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