Physicists at the Moscow University have recently synthesized a new type of polymer composite material that is far more robust than aviation aluminum-titanium alloys, providing possibilities for the construction of ultra-light aircraft and satellites.
At present, the widely used polymer composites are resistant to temperatures in the range of 150 degrees Celsius and heat-resistant materials of no more than 250 degrees Celsius. The newly developed material has a heat-resistant temperature of up to 450 degrees Celsius and is easier to process than conventional epoxy resins.
Most of modern aircraft use not metal materials, but plastics, composite materials, and other materials that have aerospace alloy strength and lighter weight. For example, only half of the Boeing 787 passenger planes are made of aerospace alloys, and 39% of the US F22 fighter jets use titanium, 24% composites, and 16% aluminum.
Aerospace materials are mostly high-molecular polymers containing two kinds of reinforcing components. They can increase the strength of materials and the strength of the polymer embedded surface. The disadvantage is that they are more expensive than aluminum-titanium alloys. The advantages are more durable and easier to maintain.
The intolerance of high temperatures is a major problem for all polymer composites. Therefore, aircraft engines can only use metal materials. If the metal materials are replaced with heat-resistant plastic parts, the weight of the engine can be greatly reduced, and the engine structure can be simplified accordingly.
Russian scientists have found a way to solve the problem. They used a combination of unsaturated alkynes, nitrogen compounds, and benzene in two simple steps to prepare a new polymer matrix that is orange in color. Polymers containing these ingredients are extremely robust and can withstand heating temperatures of about 400 degrees Celsius, keeping the structure stable and undistorted.
Russian experts believe that the most prominent feature of this polymer matrix is ​​its easy melting and low viscosity, which is lower than the production cost of other composite materials commonly used in the industry, and is conducive to rapid entry into the aviation manufacturing industry.
At present, several batches of material samples synthesized at the Moscow University laboratory have been tested by the Baranov Central Aero Engine Research Institute and the National Research Technology University of Tupolev in Kazan.
Source: Ministry of Science and Technology
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