Chapter 1 Beginning with Home Purchase
First, housing acceptance
After getting the house, many people do not know how to accept it. Some people think that the quality inspection station has been accepted, and the owner's re-acceptance is an extra one. In fact, in many cases, if you do not check and accept, the house will have to be down. You just find the problem before signing it. You will be more convenient to pursue the developer's responsibility.
As a layman, how to check the house?
Inspection wall
Do not know when to start, see the wall turned out to be the primary issue of housing acceptance. I have seen a house and found that the windows had water seepage on rainy days. When they asked, they knew that the walls below almost every window in the entire building were seep. When it comes to a typhoon, it is even more alarming. Therefore, it is best to visit the house on the second day of heavy rain before the delivery of the house. If there is a problem with the wall at this time, it is almost insignificant.
In addition to water seepage in the walls, there is another problem that is whether there are cracks. A friend once reported that there was a door-shaped crack in the wall of his home. Later, he asked the developer to know that the elevator had been left at the time of construction and was later used as a port to handle the lifts.
2. Verifying hydropower
The first is to check if the house's hydropower is on. Of course, for some high-end renovations, most of the water pipes and wires will be replaced in the later period. Therefore, sometimes these contents are not critical, but if you do not plan to replace the water pipes and wires, then these things must be carefully accepted.
In addition to checking whether or not electricity is available, the inspection line is mainly to see if the wire meets the national standard and whether the cross-sectional area of ​​the wire meets the requirements. In general, the home electric wire should not be lower than 2.5mm2, air conditioning line should reach 4mm2 otherwise, when using air conditioner, it is easy to overheat and soften.
Waterproof waterproof
The waterproof mentioned here refers to the waterproof of the kitchen and toilet. Of course, some of the houses that are currently delivered have already declared that they have not done any water repellent treatment. This will require renovations. If waterproofing is already done at the time of delivery, then you need to verify the waterproof quality. If you do not try before the renovation, leaks will be found after your decoration, then the maintenance project will be big. You have to dismantle the newly renovated floor to make a new waterproof layer.
The method of acceptance of waterproofing is: use cement mortar to make a door to the kitchen and bathroom, use a plastic bag to cover the drain or drain, and put it in a solid state. Then put water on the kitchen and bathroom floor. About 2cm high). Make an appointment with the owners downstairs to see if there is any seepage in the ceilings of their home kitchens and bathrooms after 24 hours.
4. Inspection pipeline
The pipe referred to here is a drainage or sewage pipe, especially a sewage outlet at a balcony or the like. When accepting, take a water-filled appliance and pour water into the drain to see if the water is flowing smoothly. Why should we accept this? Because during construction, some workers often throw some cement residue into the drain when they are clean. If the cement is more viscous, it will block at the elbow and cause drainage difficulties.
Another situation is to see if there is a water storage deodorant elbow. According to experience, if the sewage pipe does not contain water and deodorant elbow, then the overall quality of the house will be compromised. Why does the sewage pipe need such an elbow? Because the elbow will store water, so that the odor from the lower pipeline will be blocked under the aquifer; without the elbow, the outlet of the laundry room and the toilet will be emitted Unbearable odor. There may be developers who think that the use of deodorant Floor Drains will be sufficient, and engineering practices have proven that deodorant floor drains are far from meeting actual needs. This small place often best reflects the construction quality of builders.
5. Ground leveling
Ground leveling is the measurement of the horizontal error between the floor and the ground in the doorway that is furthest away from the entrance. The ground level test can reflect the construction quality of the developer in many cases. Because as the owner, it is impossible to accept the main structure, then you can only look at the quality of these details.
Here's a simple and easy way to do it. Go to the hardware store to buy a small transparent water pipe, about 20m in length, filled with water. First draw a sign at the entrance 0.5m or 1m from the ground, then adjust the water level of the water pipe to the height of this sign, and find someone to fix it in this position. Move the other end of the hose to the room furthest from the door. Then look at the height of the water pipe at that location and make another sign. Use a ruler to measure - what is the height of this marker off the ground. The difference in these two levels is the difference in the level of the house. You can also use this method to analogically measure the level difference in the whole house.
In general, if the difference is about 2cm is normal, 3cm is an acceptable range; beyond this range, you have to pay attention.
6. Inspection height
If your contract has this clause. Then you should measure the height of the building. The method is very simple, measuring the feet along the inside corners of two of the walls. You should measure multiple places in your home. In general, a floor height of about 2.65m is an acceptable range; if it is lower than 2.6m, it has to be taken into account. Such a home will make you have to live in a depressing environment in the future.
Doing short heights is a very effective way to save costs for developers. 1 Reduce the total weight, so that the cost of the basic part can be saved. 2 Although only about 10cm is subtracted from each floor, overall, there are many cost savings, especially for the development of residential areas. 3 At a certain height, lowering the floor height can create more layers.
7. Inspection doors and windows
This is especially the acceptance window. The key to acceptance is the tightness of the window and balcony doors. The most troublesome aspect of the window's sealing acceptance is that it can only be tested if it's good or bad in heavy rain, but it can usually be confirmed by checking whether the sealant is complete and strong. Balcony doors generally look at the level difference between inside and outside doors. Once I have seen a situation where the level of the balcony is the same as the level of the interior, it is very difficult to avoid the infiltration of rainwater in heavy rainy days.
8. Other items
In fact, in addition to the above items, other acceptances require more professional knowledge. If possible, you may wish to bring a friend who is familiar with the project to check the house. In addition, you can only rely on the quality inspection department.
Before renovation and preparation
First, how to prepare for renovation
Many people began to consider the decoration when signing a purchase contract or even not buying a house. Indeed, buying a house is, after all, the biggest investment in most people's life. So how do you go about preparing for the renovation?
1. Confirm the date of delivery
Decoration is usually better than one month in advance. Too long to prepare, not only unnecessary, but also allow yourself to suffer more time, because it takes to think; too short, the time is too hasty.
2. Plan and raise funds
How much does it cost to decorate a house? This is often the most asked by the owners. Because the prices vary from place to place, the grades, projects, and renovations of the renovation are different, so this issue is difficult to generalize. In general, mid-range renovations will account for about one-tenth to one-fifth of housing prices. For example, a house is 100M2, house price is 50 yuan (the old house should be calculated according to the market price of the corresponding new house), then the decoration section is 50,000 to 100,000 yuan is possible.
3. Handle the decorated couple's role
Decoration may sometimes become a fuse for couples to fight, so they have to focus on catching up. For several years, the following types of couples or family combinations have been found in home decoration:
1) Male and female assistants. In the decoration, the male owner usually carries the hostess. The husband and wife have the final say in the decision-making power of some affairs. The most typical of the female hostesses is silent, and some of them are assistive.
2) The woman is male assistant. This type of couple has a variety of situations: The first is the “wife management is strict,†and the man is basically afraid to snoring at the time of housework. At any time, it is: “My wife said...â€; the second is the relatively high level of academic qualifications or knowledge of the woman. The male has relatively little knowledge in this area. At this time, the male majority is a relatively silent party.
3) Man @@@ office. In the decoration, the woman basically did not appear. There are many reasons for this. There may be situations where the woman is pregnant and the like is inconvenient to go out; the male owner suspects that the woman looks too sorry for everyone and does not seem to be willing to let her go out; the woman is too busy or on a business trip.
4) The woman @@@ does. In the decoration, the reason why the man does not appear may be: the man is too busy, and some are even on long-term business trips; the man is in a high status and is not convenient to appear.
5) Titatively opposed. This kind of husband and wife is more than a young man, and usually he will quarrel because of some problems in the decoration. I met two couples, one pair because the hostess persisted in the problem of feng shui, and quarreled with the doctor's male owner. One noisy was for a month and the project could not be carried out; the other pair was the male owner who was too short. The size of some of the home's projects is often based on their own height, and is strongly opposed by the taller female host. Of course, at this time, I support the hostess. The design should be designed at an ordinary height (1.75m). This looks like coordination.
6) The husband sang women. Most of these couples can discuss with each other, mainly in higher education families. Both men and women have considerable knowledge and their views are more rational.
7) People to be married. Most of these are men and women who love to talk about marriage. Most of the situations are similar to those of the sixth category. Most of the male and female parties will discuss the decoration issue in a cordial manner before making a decision.
8) Parents do it. The probability of this type of occurrence is lower. It may be that the landlord has not yet been married. The house is the property that the parents bought for their son or daughter.
9) "single aristocrats" or single-parent families. Only the man or the woman, there is no contradiction between the owners.
In contrast, what type does your family belong to? The author believes that husband and wife should consult each other and respect each other as well, because the living room is the place where both parties live together, but the renovation should be based on one party, otherwise it will not only be difficult for the project to continue, but also Causes a waste of time and money.
4. Time for renovation
In addition to the issues that need to be considered above, there are two main considerations when choosing a decoration time:
1) The problem of idle time. General home improvement is best to choose when they are relatively free, if you have been working very busy during the renovation period, but still insist on decoration, then you better find someone you absolutely trust to decorate; otherwise, you still wait .
2) Weather factors. Many people are rumored that they cannot be renovated in some wet weather. In fact, there is no scientific basis for this argument. The only effect of wet weather on decoration is paint. If it is handled improperly, there will be whitening and mildew, but if handled properly, it will not be a problem.
3) The price factor. It is because people have a common sense of when the most appropriate decoration, when not able to decorate the psychological, resulting in the year round, there is always a quarter is the off-season of decoration. In fact, if you are looking for the decoration company's technology, then you can save a lot of money in the so-called off-season decoration, because not only will the decoration company cut prices in the off-season, but even material dealers will cut prices. This account is definitely not a small number.
Second, the decoration overview
The decoration mentioned here means "secondary decoration" ("one renovation" refers to the renovation performed by civil works). The decoration consists of three parts: interior design, construction and maintenance. Here, the project construction is mainly based on design.
Renovation, which is generally known as decoration engineering in a formal setting in the industry, is a comprehensive discipline. The installation is derived from the construction industry and is an extension of architectural science. It covers a wide range of areas and is inextricably linked with many disciplines, mainly including:
(1) Building structure: spatial structure, design style, natural lighting, architectural index.
(2) HVAC: indoor artificial lighting, air conditioning system.
(3) Water supply and drainage system: the supply and discharge of domestic water and sewage.
(4) Fire, safety and television systems.
(5) Decoration materials and supplies industry: Provide a variety of materials, finished products and semi-finished products for the decoration industry.
Decoration steps
For the steps of the renovation project, see the “Concise Flow Chart for Home Improvement Project†on the next page.
2. The composition of the decoration practitioners
At present, there are mainly five categories of personnel engaged in renovation projects:
(1) Graduates of interior design majors. This is the most professional family. The decoration engineering knowledge is more comprehensive.
(2) Graduates of architecture and structure majors. This is a more professional family. In some aspects, interior design professionals may have more advantages.
(3) People in related industries such as fine arts or engineering. These people have a certain amount of expertise.
(4) Apprentices from the construction team. Has a wealth of construction experience, but generally less professional knowledge, lack of creativity, the construction of imitation practices
(5) Other people.
Third, how to choose a qualified designer
In China, the major of cultivating interior design talents is mainly environmental art design. No matter which channel you choose to decorate your company, look at advertising, or introduce friends, your first concern is to have a qualified designer at your service. This is why the author wants to select the contents of the interior designer before choosing the contents of the decoration company.
1 Skills that qualified interior designers should have
The front has already introduced the composition of China's current decoration practitioners, here to talk about what qualified interior designers, qualified interior designers should have what skills.
1) Good art expression skills. Including sketching, coloring, sketching, hand-drawn renderings, and model making capabilities.
2) Good computer @@@ ability. Skilled @@@ for AutoCAD, 3Dmax, Photoshop, Lightscape and Autodesk VIZ.
3) Good interior design basis. Including the flat composition, three-dimensional composition, color composition design basis.
4) Good interior design theory. Including Chinese and foreign architectural history, various periods of design style, ergonomics, color psychology, space planning.
5) Good foundation of relevant disciplines. Including the basic knowledge of physics, chemistry, electrical engineering, acoustics, and applied disciplines, psychology philosophy (including logic), budget science, public relations, and other marginal disciplines.
6) Good foundation for engineering construction. Including the basic knowledge of carpentry, puddles, water supply and drainage, electricians, paints, and metalworking, as well as a simple project budget basis.
2. If you know whether the designer is qualified
The author believes that asking a responsible and qualified interior designer to trouble the owner's decoration will greatly ease it. However, how do you know if a designer is qualified?
1) Listen. The professional interior designer, based on his knowledge and opinions on the issue, is absolutely not convinced that this is a mature approach. Moreover, professional designers rarely use prosaic adjectives.
2) Look. Professional interior designers must have basic skills. This basic skill is not the use of computers, but the real hand-painted effort. The sketch paper hand-painted by the designer should be real, words, performance correct and in accordance with the perspective principle.
3) Test. Professional interior designers will naturally possess some certificates such as academic certificates, the most important of which are environmental art design professionals or architectural design professionals. Of course, the author does not reject self-taught people. After all, the industry sometimes needs understanding and enthusiasm.
How to use a good designer
If you are a good designer, you have to make good use of the designer. The owner often cannot make full use of the designer.
(1) Tell your designer what you think, tell him (her) what you need, what you like, and let your designer understand your cultural and professional background, lifestyle, and family composition.
(2) Don't overly limit the designer's ideas. When you tell the designer what you said above, you need patience to let the designer use his expertise to turn your immature ideas into something standard. You do not need to worry about this because you have the power to make changes and decisions for any designer.
(3) Hear the designer's program introduction and fully understand the designer's design ideas. If you can't understand it, you can ask him and tell your own questions. To dare to admit that you are not a professional, everyone has their own knowledge. Communicating with designers is the key to getting a satisfying work.
(4) When you have ideas, if the designer has objections, you should think twice about their opinions. This does not mean that you are obedient to the designer, but rather to your own property.
4. How can a designer serve you
As a designer, in accordance with the requirements of the owner, making the design suitable for its satisfaction is the only pursuit.
(1) Listen carefully to the basic situation of the owners and understand their needs, including lifestyle habits, personal hobbies, etc.
(2) The design must be based on the economic affordability of the owner, and the design made out of the project cost control line can only be a good and useless thing.
(3) The design style should be controlled within the acceptable range of the owner. A good design style is based on a combination of various factors. Apart from the above mentioned conditions, the involved contents include the age of the owner and the aesthetic ability.
Fifth, how to negotiate a design proposal
After you choose to decorate your company, the next step is to negotiate a design proposal.
Communicate with designers
Before everything is designed, communication is critical, and it all comes from the information you provide to the designer. So what are these messages?
1) Your own ideas. Tell designers about their own vague ideas, but this does not require very specific. And you have to stress that what you provide is immature ideas. Relatively speaking, you prefer that designers can provide better ideas, which is conducive to the full use of designers. What needs to be clearly stated is which level you want the house to be renovated into.
2) Tell the designer your career. You don't need to tell the other party where you work for. You only need to tell a wide range of occupations, such as company employees, artists, athletes, entrepreneurs, or teachers. Why should we care about this? Because different industries have their own characteristics of the industry, as the saying goes, "three sentences do not leave the Bank" is this truth. For example, civil servants want the house to be decorated as simple and generous as possible; and when a doctor comes home, he often does not like to see the wall of his home is still white.
3) Family members. The average family will have several people. As a small group, the decoration of the house has to take into account their situation. If there are children at home, safety issues must be considered in some renovation projects. For example, the balcony railings of some buildings are very short or have a large distance between poles. This may cause potential safety hazards.
4) Special members. This mainly refers to pets. Many customers who have pets tend to regard them as members of the family. In the renovation, they also need to take into account their factors, such as creating a small nest for them.
5) Personal hobby. This refers to some common hobbies, such as being sensitive to color, what kind of colors are particularly liked or disliked, etc. There are also people who have special feelings about specific patterns. For example, blue is a good color for a lot of people, but others do not like it.
6) Special hobby. This refers to a number of different interests, such as owners like to collect, may like to show some items. I have a customer collection tool no less than a thousand, the living room is placed a very sharp katana.
7) Lifestyle. This refers to daily life habits such as placing a treadmill at home or being a super worm, hoping that the home is full of network cables. I have a customer's home, there are three computers, there are servers, and almost every room has a network cable.
8) Special furniture. If you have a big piece like a piano, you need to take it into account when you start designing. In addition, the existing furniture should be moved into the future, but also take it into account.
9) Avoiding problems. Everyone in every place may have a habit of avoiding it. For example, in Guangdong, many people are jealous of decorations such as mirrors placed in the doorways, and there are people in some places who are afraid of patterns such as butterflies.
10) Religious beliefs. There may be some owners who have specific religious beliefs or ethnic groups, or Christians, or Hui people, etc.; in some places there is a habit of honoring ancestors. This is out of respect for ancestors; in some places there are some traditions. Customs, such as worshiping Guan Gong, etc.
2. Learn the design steps
After obtaining the above information, generally familiar designers will have a general idea, and relatively good designers can sketch the sketches immediately. After the initial approval of the owner, the designer can proceed with the next design, which will reduce rework.
In general, home improvement design is divided into the following stages:
1) Plan design. Mainly for the comparison of the program and the exchange of opinions between the parties.
2) Preliminary design. More in-depth design stage, the design project is basically shaped.
3) Construction design. After the owner agrees, it begins to draw construction plans.
4) Completion design. For home improvement, it is mainly to provide an as-built drawing of hidden pipes.
Many home improvement companies often provide
(7) Is natural lighting optimized?
(8) Whether the use of materials meets the actual requirements and whether the collocation is reasonable. A dozen sheets of drawings are given to the owners. In fact, this practice is completely unnecessary. However, in order to embody “seriously workingâ€, many designers often turn the design into a form that reflects the depth of the design through the number of drawings. The general home furnishing owners do not have specialized knowledge or personnel in this area to specifically review the designer's drawings. Therefore, they must be targeted and tailored to your house type and needs. As for the number of drawings, I think it is necessary to be able to explain the problems. The expression must be expressed. The explanation must be explained. There is also a specific implementation problem. Do not make the design useless.
Sixth, how to look at the design
The design drawings mentioned here include renderings, design plans, and construction drawings. When a well-designed work is in front of us, how can we look at it?
1. First of all, look at the design
(1) Is the layout reasonable?
(2) Whether it is ergonomic and whether the communication line is reasonable.
(3) Whether the color is in accordance with the principle of color science.
(4) Whether the use of color meets the principles of color psychology.
(5) Whether the design style is uniform and whether the design styling matches.
(6) Is the artificial lighting setting reasonable?
(9) Whether the individual design has technical feasibility.
(10) Whether the design is in the real budget range.
(11) Whether the design meets the current technical specifications and safety regulations.
(12) Is it reasonable to design individual relationships and scales?
(13) Creation of interest centers.
(14) Application of design elements.
(15) The creativity of design. If it is a manual map, you also need to see whether the performance techniques are mature; if it is a computer map, you also need to see whether the image performance is realistic.
2. Popular view method
Ordinary owners themselves do not have the ability to analyze in accordance with the above theory, because most do not have this knowledge. Is it only beautiful or beautiful? The author has the following suggestions:
1) Whether it is pleasing to see the big color of the picture. There is a saying in the line: Harmony is beauty. First of all, we must look at the first feeling. This is in general terms. Whether or not you are an expert, you will have your own views and aesthetics.
2) See the degree of authenticity. Many designers will deliberately adjust some dimensions to meet the needs of their own drawings. For example, a 20M2 house is painted as 40M2, and the height is 2.6m and it is drawn as 3.5m. In the plan, the frame area of ​​the house is often used in different proportions with the furniture, which is especially likely to happen on the developer's drawings. Many owners have actually seen their homes countless times. From here, one can know whether the family is so big, so spectacular, and can not put down so much furniture.
3) See if the design meets its own needs. Generally you will have some of your own needs. For example, if there is a cabinet you need, whether the size of the dining table in the restaurant meets the requirements for use.
4) Whether the design is creative. A good designer always has the finishing touch. In home furnishings, there are not many design projects, so one or two pure decoration projects can reflect the design ideas.
5) Whether there are improvements to the existing environment. Your house will have natural defects like this. Some of them are hopeless, but some of them can be improved. Designers' design skills can best be seen here.
6) Is it realistic? There are some designs that are unconstrained by reality. This is also worth noting. This depends on the actual national conditions, the environment, and the family situation.
To sum up, if you have a certain basic knowledge, the above two types of mapping methods can be referenced, or choose a method that is more in line with their own reality.
How to negotiate the project budget
The project budget is a very crucial part of the renovation project, so how do you do a project budget that suits you?
Nowadays, there are often such advertisements as “32,000 yuan for luxury decoration in three bedrooms and two hallsâ€. In fact, this slogan is obviously a hole in the drilling laws, because the relevant departments of the state do not specify the "luxury" standard. However, for the high-end decoration, the national construction department has expressly stated that the average cost per square meter is more than 1,500 yuan. The general area of ​​three bedrooms and two halls is approximately 80m2, so the cost of high-grade decoration will have to be 120,000 yuan. Obviously, 32,000 yuan is out of reality and empty.
How much money is needed for a project's budget? In a relative area, there is another way to say: "Our products use AAA-level plywood." In fact, the country's commonly used grades are such as special grades. Level 1, Level 2, Level 3, and AAA grades are mostly used in bank credit ratings. There is no doubt that products distributed within China need to comply with China's product standards. If you really have a AAA board, you should have AA, A, and so on according to corollaries. Then, the board ranked third is still A board!
It can be seen that these acts are fraudulent and unfair competition, and its spread will only continue to harm the interests of the entire industry. A market price, commonly known as the price, it is an average quote.
How to sign a decoration contract
When signing a decoration contract, the contents and items that can be specified must be clearly stated. Some people may find a friend to decorate. Due to their feelings, no signing of a decoration contract is the most important legal document in the renovation project. After all the design and project budgets are negotiated, signing a decoration contract is a formal process that must be performed before the renovation starts. At present, the construction committees or construction bureaus of cities with more mature decoration management have established standard contracts. Here's an introduction to the situation.
1 The composition of the decoration contract
1) The main body of the project.
(1) Name of construction site. This is the main body of the contract.
(2) Names of both parties. This is the object of execution of the contract.
2) Engineering project. Including serial numbers, project names, specifications, units of measure, quantities, unit prices, pricing, totals, and preparations used to indicate some special process practices, etc. Most of this part is written in the form of an attachment into the project budget (quotation) table.
3) Project duration. Including the number of days for the duration of the project, extension of the breach of contract and so on.
4) Payment method. The rules for payment methods.
5) Project responsibility. Responsible for various quality and safety responsibilities in the construction process.
6) Both parties sign the seal. Including the signatures and dates of the representatives of both parties; as a company, there should also be a company seal.
In the end, even friends cannot do it. Here are some ways to use common words in some contracts.
1) About the project. For example: living room floor shop 600mm X 600mm domestic Foshan XX brand wear-resistant brick
2) About the unit.
(1) "m (m)" is used for the unit of ceiling corner line, skirting line, waist line, and cover door.
Such as "item", "樘" and other units. It is necessary to indicate the quoting units and quotations for these items, for example: “Calculate 600 square meters per square meter according to the square of the facade.â€
Units should use the domestic common legal measurement units and should not use units such as imperial units. Sub-items that can calculate area should avoid using "items" to express.
3) About quantity. There are two ways:
(1) After the actual measurement, add the amount of loss and calibrate it within the contract. No further calculations will be made in the future.
(2) By unit price, multiplied by the actual amount of work. This is a practice of how much to do.
It is recommended to use method (1) to confirm the number of works before signing the contract, and then indicate in the contract to prevent the fraudulent use of "low budget and high settlement" by some businesses.
4) About remarks. Some processes and practices should be marked. For example: "Wardrobe: Surface with red panel,
Lined with white fire board, the main body is 15mm big core board. â€
5) About breach of contract. Whether it is the owner’s breach of contract or the decoration company’s breach of contract, it can be punished and compensated by economic means. The general liquidated damages are about one-thousandth to three of the total project amount. But it needs to be reminded to pay attention to this thousand-thousand-though wording. Some people deliberately added a metacharacter after the thousandths. This means that the actual fine is one thousandth of one (or a few) dollars, that is, a few cents, and one penny is not enough.
6) About management fees. The so-called administrative expenses include various administrative fees charged by the district administration office. Some management offices do not necessarily charge for certain projects; others have arbitrary charges and they are ridiculous. There are many types of charges, such as management deposits, garbage clearance freight, construction cleaning fees, passage painting fees, and public facilities maintenance fees. Elevator usage fee, worker management fee (/day), pass deposit, pass fee, temporary account registration fee, etc. The overcharged management office is the biggest headache for the decoration company, so more and more decoration companies require these costs to be paid by the owners and no longer counted into the project budget.
7) About taxes. In most cities, taxes are collected from the decoration company’s operating income. In the past two years, Shenzhen has started to collect a special decoration tax, which is collected through the building or community management office, rather than through the company's tax return. In these cases, it is necessary to identify the bearers.
8) About the signature. Due to the chaos on the current decoration market @@@, some of the so-called decoration companies are actually affiliated with or fake the name of a decoration company. Therefore, the author suggests that when the owner signs any legal documents, unless the other party is the legal representative of the formal decoration company. , otherwise it is better to ask the other party to indicate the signer’s ID number.
Ten, choose hardcover type or simple type
There is a fashionable name in home decoration now: simple type. In some people's eyes, things that are inherently decorative, such as plaster lines, have become obsolete. In fact, there is a very serious basic common sense problem here.
(1) Obsolete can only be functional. For example, functional items such as wall skirts and hanging lines are outdated. The reason why these things were originally used is because there are functional requirements. With the advancement of science and technology, the original dirt-proof function of the skirt has been replaced by washable latex paint, so it is unavoidable that the wall skirt is abandoned.
(2) The decorative line of things, which belongs to a style of 'can be accomplished. It's not going to be out of date, because it's part of the style. For example plaster such as Rococo, Baroque style, no plaster line or wooden Yinjiao.
(3) There are some functional items that cannot be abandoned for the time being, because there are no more advanced things that can replace its functions such as the baseboard. When the wood floor is installed, there must be a distance of lcm from the wall. So what does this empty lcm cover? The only way is to use a skirting board. Obviously, people who say that the baseboard is out of date do not understand construction.
Eleven, then, decoration is the choice of exquisite decoration or simple decoration?
1. Exquisite decoration
Fine decoration is generally suitable for people over the age of 30. In general, the character of a 30-year-old has basically been determined, and basically what has been his own preference has also been formed. In the decoration, the hardcover type is generally more appropriate.
Even if these people do not meet all the needs at the moment, they will also do the decoration first. why? After the basic decoration is done, furniture and other things can be increased. For example, after the basic items such as ceilings, walls, and floors are beautiful, furniture can be purchased slowly. Buy a sofa this month and buy a beautiful cabinet next month. But you will not be able to add a decorative wall next month and add another door next month. Of course, if people are 40 years old, the general economic ability is strong, then basically a lot of things can be done in one step.
2. Simple decoration
The minimalist decoration mainly comes from the United States. Simple walls, simple grounds, and beautiful furniture add up to the renovation. The characteristic of the simple decoration is to transfer the money originally spent on the basic decoration to the private buyers. Its advantage is that the amount of basic investment is relatively small, but the investment in furniture is doubled.
The reason why the simple type is popular in the United States is mainly because the United States is an immigrant country. Families rarely invest in immovable property. Today, they do not like to move here. They can only move away from furniture and it is impossible to remove the walls. But this model is not suitable for Chinese people, just as the open kitchen is not applicable in China.
So, the only practical prerequisite for you to choose a minimalist decoration is: You really don't have the money. But it is by no means a simple decoration, but a "simple decoration." The simple type is not saving money, but it also costs money.
Many people are now pursuing fashion. What is fashion? The main word for fashion is the word “Shiâ€, which is often popular only for a period of time. Nowadays, many people like to buy fashion furniture. Fashion furniture is still in the year of purchase. After one or two years, it is basically outdated. And you can't just change the sofa or the same one, because fashion things are often matched.
The author believes that if you have a lot of money, and you are young or have inherited your father's business, you can choose a simple scenery. If you are rich, but you already have a certain age, use a steady focus style even if you can afford it. Of course, if you do not have a few dollars, you should still use a simple decoration.
Twelve, how to use visual illusion in design
1, what is called visual illusion
Visual error is the wrong judgment and perception based on empiricism or improper reference when people observe objects. In our daily lives, there are many examples of visual illusions encountered. For example, the French flag is red: White: The ratio of blue to blue is 35:33:37, and we feel that the three colors are equal in area. This is because white gives people a feeling of expansion, while blue has a feeling of contraction, which is optical illusion.
2. How to use optical illusion
Some visual illusions can be corrected, but some visual illusions are inevitable. In interior design, what we want to use is the inevitable part.
1) High in the dwarf. It is in the living room that some of them do chandeliers and the other part does not. Then the part without chandeliers will appear "high."
2) See the truth in the virtual reality. Through the bar or the entire mirror glass, a virtual space can be created in a real space, and the virtual space is visually a real space.
3) cool down. For example, when the kitchen is used in dark areas, we stay inside and feel that the temperature drops by 2-3 degrees.
4) See fine in the rough. In materials such as solid wood floors or vitrified tiles, materials with a higher finish will appear higher on the edge of the material.
Place some rough material, such as retro bricks and pebbles, then the smooth material will appear more smooth, which is the visual illusion of contrast.
5) See straight in the song. The ceiling of some buildings is often not flat, and when the bending is not very large, the visual overall flatness can be caused by processing the right angles near the four sides.
In interior design, we may use visual illusions to produce special or better results, or it may be to improve certain deficiencies. However, attention must be paid to the fact that it cannot be abused. Excessive use of visual illusions can cause visual hallucinations. For example, we use a large number of mirrors in our living rooms. There are mirrors on this wall. There are also mirrors on that wall. The mirrors are divided into large and small pieces of various shapes. Such excessive visual illusions will distort people’s correct judgments. The eyes will experience persistent unhealthy visual illusions. Staying in this excessive visual hallucination environment for a long time can cause health problems. This is noteworthy. We can greatly reduce the distortion of vision by placing a vertical or horizontal lattice in front of the mirror that creates the virtual space.
The content of the thirteenth and tenth laws
1. Contents of the Ten Laws <br>First Article: There must be no more than three spatial colors (white and black are not colored)
The second article: gold and silver can be matched with any color (gold does not include yellow, including gray).
Article 3: In the absence of the guidance of the designer, the best color shade for the home is deep furniture.
Article 4: The kitchen should not use warm colors (except yellow color).
Article 5: Do not kill dark green tiles.
Article 6: We must not put together materials of different materials but of the same color, and half chance to make mistakes.
Article 7: If you want to create a bright and modern home taste, then you should not use those things that are printed with big flowers (except plants). Try to use plain designs.
Article 8: The color of the ceiling must be lighter than the wall or the same color as the wall. When the color of the wall is deep, the ceiling must be light colored. The color of the ceiling can only be white or the same color as the wall.
Article 9: For spaces that are not closed, they must use the same color scheme; different enclosed spaces to use different color schemes.
Article 10: Warning - If this law is used outside the home, 90% may be wrong.
2. Explain
In a typical interior design, colors are limited to three. Of course, this is not absolute. Because professional interior designers are familiar with deeper color relationships, there may be more than three colors used, but generally only one or two colors are exceeded.
Limit the definition of three colors:
(1) Three colors refer to colors in the same relatively closed space, including ceilings, walls, floors, and furniture. The living room and the master room can have different system colors, but if the living room and restaurant are connected together, they are treated as the same space.
(2) White, black, gray, gold, and silver are not counted within the limits of the three colors. However, gold and silver generally cannot exist at the same time, and only one of them can be used in the same space.
(3) Patterns are based on the colors they present. For example, a piece of cloth has a variety of colors. Because there are many kinds of colors, professionally, the main presentation color prevails. The approach is to see its main shades with a squint eye. However, if a large pattern has a large number of individual patches, it should also be regarded as a color.
3. Vocabulary explanation
1) Grayscale. It's easy to print the color you want with a black-and-white copy machine. Whether it is warm or cool, it must have its grayscale.
2) Plain. It is pure monochrome.
3) Color system. Refers to the same color.
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