Carbon is the most basic component in castings. It is not only the main basis for distinguishing steel or iron. The carbon content is more than 1.7% iron, and less than 1.7% is called steel. In the casting process, carbon affects the mechanics of castings. performance.
Carbon is the most basic component in castings. It is not only the main basis for distinguishing steel or iron. The carbon content is more than 1.7% iron, and less than 1.7% is called steel. In the casting process, carbon affects the mechanics of castings. performance.

There are five main elements that affect the quality of large castings, namely carbon, silicon, fissure, sulfur, and phosphorus. The elements are called basic elements, commonly known as the five elements. They are an important element that directly affects the physical properties of castings. Its main role is as follows:

First, carbon is the most basic component in castings. It is not only the main basis for distinguishing steel or iron. The carbon content is more than 1.7% iron, and the steel below 1.7% is called steel. During the casting process, carbon affects the mechanical properties of the casting.

Second, the silicon element is a beneficial element in the casting. Like the carbon element, it can promote graphitization, and the addition of silicon in the form of inoculant is more obvious. For as-cast ball-milled castings, increasing the silicon content has a dual effect. On the one hand, it reduces the cementite, pearlite, ternary phosphorus eutectic, and the iron system increases, thereby reducing the strength and hardness and improving the plasticity of the casting; Silicon solid solution strengthens ferrite, which increases the yield point and hardness. Silicon improves casting fluidity, increases volumetric expansion during solidification, and silicon improves heat and corrosion resistance. Silicon is in a certain range, which is beneficial to the improvement of strength and toughness, but the abrasion resistance is reduced. Therefore, it is necessary to take the appropriate amount. Under normal circumstances, the silicon content of gray castings is 1.2%-3.0%, and the silicon content of spheroidal graphite castings is 2.0%-3.0%.

Third, fierce is one of the important elements of casting, the right amount of fierce, help to generate texture structure, increase the robustness and strength and wear resistance.

It is a stable compound like sulfur and is an element that hinders graphitization. When it coexists with sulfur, the affinity of manganese and sulfur is large, and it will be combined into a compound such as MnS. At an appropriate temperature, it is not only hindered from graphitization. It also neutralizes sulfur and acts as a desulfurizer. When the force reaches a de facto amount, the casting can have the advantages of high strength, high hardness, high density, wear resistance, etc., and the amount of silicon is also increased accordingly.

4. Phosphorus is a harmful element and is treated as an impurity. Phosphorus often affects the mechanical properties of castings, especially the reduction of toughness and compactness, which is the main cause of cracking of castings. Therefore, the phosphorus should be limited to a content of preferably 0.04% or less. However, phosphorus can increase the hardness and must be good in wear resistance. In some wear-resistant cast irons, phosphorus is added, and the purpose is to utilize the wear resistance of the phosphorus eutectic.

5. Sulfur is also an impurity and is a harmful element. In casting, sulfur has strong affinity with other elements such as Mn and Mg, produces stable carbides, hinders graphitization, consumes spheroidal elements in molten iron, and forms residues such as MgS and MnS, which are effective due to sulfur consumption. If the content of the residual spheroidal element is too low, the spheroidization is lowered, and defects such as slag inclusion, subcutaneous pores, and the like are also promoted. In ordinary gray iron, the sulfur content is generally 0.02% - 0.15%, and S ≤ 0.02% in ductile iron, sometimes depending on the situation.

It can be seen that cast iron is actually a very complicated chemical process based on elements such as carbon, silicon, sulphur, sulfur and phosphorus. Among them, carbon and silicon are the most basic components. When the manganese content is generally low, the effect is small. Sulfur and phosphorus are often regarded as impurities, so they are often limited. Each of these elements has a certain influence on the quality, solidification crystallization, structure and properties of cast iron. This requires the foundry to properly proportionate the five elements in the casting process, which is a way to improve the quality of the casting.
Http://news.chinawj.com.cn Editor: (Hardware Business Network Information Center) http://news.chinawj.com.cn

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