[Fire safety] six steps in the escape process

Everyone has common sense about how to escape. This topic is so familiar that we do not know how to describe the escape process. It is because of this truth that the so-called little ghosts are difficult to paint. Here, the author screened six out of more than 100 public photos of the Japanese people in response to the 311 Great Earthquake and Tsunami to illustrate the theory of decision-making in the book “Escape Behavior of Fire”. The theory was first put forward by Withey , including seven stages of psychology and the escape process. Dr. John Bryan , an educational psychology doctor adapted his theory to the six steps of the escape process, and laid the foundation for his own behavioral master of fire. A good picture is worth a thousand words. If you can have an impression and feel when you finish reading, the goal of ESP will be reached.

First of all, the fire field decision-making 6 steps are applicable to other escape occasions. To facilitate other occasions, only the six steps of the escape process are discussed here, not the characteristics of the fire scene. This is to facilitate more extensive emergency escape situations.

First of all, perception.

The first step (perceived): The sight of Naoto Kan is a manifestation of human instinctual responses to danger. The goal of the alarm system design is to allow everyone to be able to see it in a timely manner.

The perceptual process manifests itself in the party's perception of the potential signs of the fire (a flame, or a smoldering smoke), or direct confirmation of the fire. An interesting psychological research shows that when people are present, people usually ignore the signs of danger. Why do people not report it? Everyone thinks that this is Group Inhibition . Therefore, it is an abnormal psychological phenomenon that single people find danger earlier than many people.

Second, verify.

The second step (verification): Refers to points, finding problems, it is the characteristics of the verification process. Major escape delays, delays in the verification process

Although fire or potential fire has occurred, what should we do? If you act immediately, it may be too stupid. People usually search for it and find real alarms or false positives. The most terrible result is that nothing is done, turn off the alarm, such as the Beijing Longfu shopping mall fire. The verification process may cause great delays. This is the purpose of intelligentizing and integrating the modern alarm system, facilitating the rapid detection of fires, early verification of alarms, reducing the time for verification, and reducing the delay before making a decision to escape ( Pre-movement Time ). One of the most difficult delays in fire escape design is the Pre-movement Delay , which is related to the length of the verification process and the effectiveness of the verification. Missing a chance to discover, it is difficult to make up for the rapid development of the fire.

Third, the definition.

The third step (definition): after thinking ahead, best solution is the common result of common sense and training. Defining the unknown by experience and common sense is the instinct that human beings can multiply

The verification process is just to find other relevant clues, such as someone acting, someone shouting to confirm the necessity of the escape process. At this time, the party’s experience and knowledge background are also needed to define this incident. Some people think this is a false alarm. Some people regard false alarm as a dangerous situation. This is an error in the definition process. For example, Fan Meizhong’s overreaction at the time of the Wenchuan earthquake was also an error in the definition process and was caused by the cognitive process.

Fourth, assessment.

The fourth step (assessment): At the moment of crisis, the crowd gathers, exchanges views, and discusses plans. This is the content and method of assessment

The individual's assessment process is the cognitive and psychological response of people in response to danger. Sime believes that an individual’s awareness of the effective time of survival during the assessment phase is critical. Luoyang Dongdu fire, after the firefighters arrived more than an hour later, people still did not realize the danger, refused to jump (downstairs there are certain protection measures), which is their common sense mistakes, is the assessment process deviation. In the presence of 316 people, 309 people who did not take self-rescue protective measures were all dead. In addition, seven people who had taken precautions against tobacco self-rescue (hiding in the closet) were discharged the same day (equally no injuries). The fire death rate in the Luoyang fire is almost 100% , which is a unique case in ancient and modern China and abroad. This is the deviation of the assessment process.

Fifth, action.

The fifth step (action): Japanese escape scene. This map of fugitives is put here to illustrate the course of action and is a bit stubborn

This is the process by which the parties are aware of (real) dangers, take action to escape, and achieve safety goals. This is the simplest and most uncertain process for escape design. According to the distance to escape, the back-calculation of the operation time is a very common knowledge for the entry calculation. Delays in the operations section are generally small compared to uncertain delays in escape (mainly in the verification process). Therefore, most of the victims of the fire, including the high-rise fires in Shanghai, are mostly wasting their time for effective escape. This is an increase in training awareness.

The time of the action process is calculated at the design stage and is a controllable factor. The personal reaction is mainly wasted on the decision-making process before the escape operation. Of course, the course of action is too rapid and lack of understanding of the environment is the main cause of the loss of the Shenzhen Dance King's fire. If there were no squeezing stamping problems caused by panic, the Shenzhen fire should have no casualties because the sprinkler heads were moving properly.

Sixth, reassessment.

Step 6 (reassessment): Safety is worn on the head and the square is free. Escape value is fortunate, Wen News reported peace

After people flee to safe areas and confirm their safety, they begin to reassess the escape process and all other relevant escape elements. Some people are more impulsive. As Fan Meizhong's on-line discussion on "The Earth's Shake is the moment" can be considered part of the reassessment process.

There is a saying that there is a risk of adventurous, early confirmation of technical confirmation; common sense education helps definition, extensive communication and assessment; fast action prevents panic, and then evaluates after safety. Recognize the six steps to escape. The escape process depends on self-help.

The information in this article comes from the Internet and was reorganized and edited by China Rescue Equipment Network.