Some of the biggest challenges in sending humans to distant planets such as Mars are carrying enough rocket fuel, water, and oxygen on the spacecraft, which are indispensable for sending humans to distant planets and returning. Scientists have now shown that it is possible to split water into hydrogen and oxygen in space. Hydrogen can be used as a spacecraft fuel, and oxygen can be used by astronauts.
In a zero-gravity environment, with the help of semiconductor materials, sunlight / starlight, scientists can break down water into hydrogen and oxygen. This breakthrough makes sustainable space navigation possible. The process of decomposing water into hydrogen and oxygen is called electrolysis.
The principle of this process is to pass current through water with a soluble electrolyte. The current splits the water into hydrogen and oxygen, which are collected at the two electrodes. Scientists say that hydrogen and oxygen generated using this method can be used as fuel for spacecraft.
It is much safer to launch rockets carrying the same amount of water than rockets carrying rocket fuel and oxygen. Rockets loaded with large amounts of water and a small amount of fuel have a much lower chance of exploding. For a spacecraft carrying water, the water can be broken down into hydrogen and oxygen in orbit. Oxygen is used to maintain the life of the astronaut, and hydrogen is used to power the spacecraft through the fuel cell.
Another option is to use what is called a "photocatalyst". The photocatalyst can help the semiconductor material inserted in the water to absorb photons. The energy of the photon is absorbed by an electron in the semiconductor material, and the electron will migrate. Free electrons can react with hydrogen nuclei in water to generate hydrogen gas. Hydrogen and oxygen can also react to form water.
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