Copper metal, symbol Cu, atomic weight 63.54, specific gravity 8.92, melting point 1083oC. Pure copper is light rose or light red, and the appearance of copper oxide film on the surface is copper color. Copper has many valuable physical and chemical characteristics, such as its high thermal conductivity and electrical conductivity, chemical stability, tensile strength, easy to weld, with corrosion resistance, plasticity, ductility. Pure copper can be drawn into very fine copper wire to make very thin copper foil. With zinc, tin, lead, manganese, cobalt, nickel, aluminum, iron and other metals to form alloys.
The development of copper smelting technology has undergone a long process, but so far the smelting of copper is still dominated by pyrometallurgical smelting, and its production accounts for about 85% of the world’s total copper production. 1) The pyrometallurgical smelting process is generally to increase the raw ore with several percent or several thousandth of copper to 20-30% through beneficiation, as a copper concentrate, in a closed blast furnace, reverberatory furnace, electric furnace or flash furnace The smelting process is carried out, and the produced smelt (copper matte) is then sent to the converter for blowing into blister copper, which is then subjected to oxidation refining in another reverberatory furnace, or an anode plate is electrolyzed to obtain a grade as high as possible. 99.9% of electrolytic copper. The process is short and adaptable, and the copper recovery rate can reach 95%. However, the sulfur in the ore is discharged as sulfur dioxide waste gas in the two stages of brewing and blowing, so it is difficult to recover and cause pollution.
In recent years, molten smelting such as the silver method, Nolanda method, Japan's Mitsubishi method, etc., and pyrometallurgical smelting have gradually progressed to continuous and automated development. 2) Modern wet smelting includes sulfidation roasting-leaching-electrowinning, leaching-extraction-electrowinning, and bacterial leaching. It is suitable for heap leaching and tank leaching of low-grade complex ores, copper oxide ore, and copper-containing waste ores. Or leaching in situ.
The development of copper smelting technology has undergone a long process, but so far the smelting of copper is still dominated by pyrometallurgical smelting, and its production accounts for about 85% of the world’s total copper production. 1) The pyrometallurgical smelting process is generally to increase the raw ore with several percent or several thousandth of copper to 20-30% through beneficiation, as a copper concentrate, in a closed blast furnace, reverberatory furnace, electric furnace or flash furnace The smelting process is carried out, and the produced smelt (copper matte) is then sent to the converter for blowing into blister copper, which is then subjected to oxidation refining in another reverberatory furnace, or an anode plate is electrolyzed to obtain a grade as high as possible. 99.9% of electrolytic copper. The process is short and adaptable, and the copper recovery rate can reach 95%. However, the sulfur in the ore is discharged as sulfur dioxide waste gas in the two stages of brewing and blowing, so it is difficult to recover and cause pollution.
In recent years, molten smelting such as the silver method, Nolanda method, Japan's Mitsubishi method, etc., and pyrometallurgical smelting have gradually progressed to continuous and automated development. 2) Modern wet smelting includes sulfidation roasting-leaching-electrowinning, leaching-extraction-electrowinning, and bacterial leaching. It is suitable for heap leaching and tank leaching of low-grade complex ores, copper oxide ore, and copper-containing waste ores. Or leaching in situ.
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