According to foreign media reports, due to a group of elements commonly known as rare earth metals, electronic devices become possible, but as the name suggests, these elements may be limited in supply and relatively expensive. Now, a team of scientists has found a way to combine more common elements into electronically useful compounds that can be used in tunable lighting and solar panels.
Various precious minerals are currently needed to build smart electronic devices like our daily use. Unfortunately, many of these elements are difficult to find and excavate, making them expensive and easily becoming more scarce in the near future.
Roy Clarke, author of the research report, said: "We may run out of some of these elements because they are not easy to recycle and the supply is limited. It is not feasible for technology to rely on what may be exhausted within 10 to 20 years."
Companies like Honda and Samsung are beginning to develop methods to recycle these elements, and scientists are also working hard to find new ways to recycle valuable components and solve the growing problem of electronic waste. Although these measures are useful, it may be easier to use cheaper alternatives. Therefore, researchers from the University of Michigan, Lorraine University and Canterbury University began to find a way.
Elements commonly used in electronic products, such as indium and gallium, come from Group III of the periodic table of elements, and are sometimes called rare earth metals. But the research team found that combining adjacent groups of elements can produce compounds with many useful properties similar to rare earth metals. The researchers used molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) technology to generate compounds in the form of thin films, superimposing elements together with atomic precision.
With this technology, the team was able to use elements of Groups II, IV, and V—such as zinc, tin, and nitrogen—to make compounds. All of these are cheaper and more common, but the resulting compounds still have photoelectric properties similar to their rare counterparts.
First, the new compound can harvest solar energy and emit light, which means it can be used as an economical alternative to thin-film solar panels, LED lights and displays. If magnesium is used instead of zinc, the range of available light extends to the blue and ultraviolet parts of the spectrum.
The researchers found that these materials are also tunable, which means they can be adjusted during the development phase to make components that are more sensitive to specific wavelengths of light. For example, light emitting diodes made with these compounds can be adjusted to emit light of a specific color.
"When you illuminate your home or office, you want to be able to adjust the color temperature of the light, usually imitating natural sunlight," Clarke said. "These new II-IV-V compounds will enable us to do this."
The research was published in the journal Physical Review Letters.
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