Development Status and Prospects of China's Equipment Manufacturing Industry

1. What is equipment manufacturing?

At present, people's understanding of equipment manufacturing industry is not the same. There is no recognized definition and scoping. Luo Baihui, a special researcher of China International Economic Development Research Center, believes that according to the equipment function and importance, the equipment manufacturing industry mainly contains three Aspect content:

First, the major advanced basic machinery, that is, the equipment of the manufacturing equipment - the work "master machine", mainly including CNC machine tools (NC), flexible manufacturing units (FMC), flexible manufacturing systems (FMS), computer integrated manufacturing systems (DIMS) , industrial robots, large-scale integrated circuits and electronic manufacturing equipment, etc.

The second is important mechanical and electronic basic components, mainly advanced hydraulics, pneumatics, bearings, seals, molds, tools, low-voltage electrical appliances, microelectronics and power electronics, instrumentation and automation control systems.

The third is the major sets of technical equipment required for the scientific and technological and military production of various sectors of the national economy (including agriculture, energy, transportation, raw materials, medical and health, environmental protection, etc.), such as mining and open-pit mining equipment for mineral resources, large-scale thermal power, hydropower Nuclear power equipment, ultra-high voltage AC and DC power transmission equipment, petrochemical, coal chemical, salt chemical equipment, black and non-ferrous metal smelting and rolling equipment, civil aircraft, high-speed railway, subway and urban rail car, automobile Advanced transportation equipment such as ships, large-scale environmental protection equipment such as sewage, garbage and large-scale flue gas purification treatment, important complete sets of equipment required for large-scale projects such as large rivers and rivers, tunnel excavation and shields, and large-scale water and gas transmission, advanced and applicable Agricultural machinery and modern facilities, agricultural complete sets of equipment, large-scale scientific instruments and medical equipment, advanced large-scale military equipment, communications, air traffic control and aerospace equipment, advanced printing equipment, etc.

Second, the equipment manufacturing industry adjustment and revitalization planning content

The equipment manufacturing industry is a strategic industry that provides technical equipment for all sectors of the national economy. It has high industrial relevance, strong employability, and intensive technical funds. It is an important guarantee for industrial upgrading and technological progress in various industries and a comprehensive manifestation of the country's comprehensive strength.

In order to cope with the impact of the international financial crisis, we will implement the overall requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council on ensuring growth, expanding domestic demand, and adjusting the structure, ensuring the stable development of the equipment manufacturing industry, accelerating structural adjustment, enhancing independent innovation capabilities, increasing the level of autonomy, and promoting industrial upgrading. This special plan was prepared as an action plan for the comprehensive response measures of the equipment manufacturing industry. The planning period is 2009-2011.

1. Current situation of equipment manufacturing industry and the situation facing it

After years of development, China's equipment manufacturing industry has formed an industrial system with complete categories, large scale and certain technical level, and has become an important pillar industry of the national economy. In particular, since the implementation of the “Several Opinions of the State Council on Accelerating the Revitalization of the Equipment Manufacturing Industry” (Guo Fa [2006] No. 8), the development of the equipment manufacturing industry has accelerated markedly, the level of major technological equipment has been significantly improved, and international competitiveness has been further improved. The level of technology and market share has leapt to the forefront of the world. China has become a big country in equipment manufacturing, but problems such as large industry but not strong, weak independent innovation capability, backward basic manufacturing level, low level of redundant construction, and difficulties in promoting and applying independent innovation products are still outstanding. At the same time, affected by the international financial crisis, since the second half of 2008, the demand for equipment in the domestic and foreign markets has shrunk sharply. The rapid growth of China's equipment manufacturing industry has been slowing down for many years. Enterprises have difficulties in production and operation, economic benefits are declining, and sustainable development is facing challenges. .

It should be noted that China is currently in a critical period of expanding domestic demand, accelerating infrastructure construction and industrial transformation and upgrading, and has huge market demand for advanced equipment. The financial crisis has accelerated the adjustment of the world industrial structure and provided China with the participation of industry division of labor. The opportunity, the fundamentals of the development of the equipment manufacturing industry have not changed. Effective measures must be taken to seize opportunities, accelerate industrial restructuring, promote industrial optimization and upgrading, strengthen technological innovation, promote the sustained and stable development of the equipment manufacturing industry, and contribute to the steady and rapid economic development.

2. Guiding ideology, basic principles and goals

(1) Guiding ideology.

Fully implement the spirit of the 17th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, take Deng Xiaoping Theory and the important thinking of the 'Three Represents' as the guidance, thoroughly implement the scientific development concept, rely on the national key construction projects, and carry out large-scale autonomy of major technical equipment; Investment in technological transformation, enhance the independent innovation capability of enterprises, and greatly improve the basic supporting parts and basic technology level; accelerate the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure by accelerating mergers and acquisitions and product upgrading, comprehensively enhance industrial competitiveness, and strive to promote the equipment manufacturing industry. To a strong transition.

(2) Basic principles.

Adhere to the combination of equipment autonomy and key construction projects. Strengthen policy support and market guidance, make full use of the implementation of key construction projects and adjust the market demand for the formation of key industries, accelerate the autonomy of equipment, ensure the needs of the project, and promote industrial development.

Adhere to the combination of independent development and introduction of digestion and absorption. Support enterprises to independently develop new products, encourage the introduction of digestion, absorption and innovation, and guide enterprises to gradually shift from relying on imported technologies to independent innovation, and vigorously promote technological industrialization.

Adhere to the development of the whole machine and improve the level of basic support. Efforts will be made to achieve the autonomy of major technical equipment and drive the development of basic supporting products. Improve the technical level of basic parts, develop special raw materials, and reverse the situation that basic supporting products mainly rely on imports.

Adhere to the combination of developing enterprise groups and supporting specialized enterprises. Supporting the backbone enterprises of equipment manufacturing to develop large-scale comprehensive enterprise groups through mergers and acquisitions, and encourage the mainframe manufacturers to change from single-machine manufacturing to system integration, and guide specialized parts manufacturers to develop in the direction of “specialization, precision and speciality”. An industrial pattern with complementary advantages and coordinated development.

(3) Planning objectives.

1). The industry achieved steady growth. Maintaining a stable production and operation of the equipment manufacturing industry, the proportion of added value to the national industrial added value is gradually increasing, providing guarantees for expanding domestic demand, transforming development methods, and ensuring stable growth of the national economy.

2). The market share has gradually expanded. Improve the quality of domestic equipment and expand the domestic market. The domestic market satisfaction rate of domestic equipment is stable at around 70%, consolidate the competitive advantage of export products and stabilize the export market.

3). A breakthrough was made in the development of major equipment. Comprehensively improve the level of major equipment technology, meet the needs of national major project construction and key industries adjustment and revitalization, and achieve autonomous autonomy of a batch of major equipment such as millions of kilowatt-class nuclear power equipment, new energy power generation equipment, high-speed EMUs, high-end CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment. .

4). The level of basic support has increased. The basic parts manufacturing level has been improved, the general-purpose parts have basically met the domestic market demand, and the key automated measurement and control components have filled the domestic gap, and the key raw materials have achieved key breakthroughs.

5). Organizational structure optimization and upgrading. A number of large-scale enterprise groups with international competitiveness, such as science, industry and trade integration, have been formed, forming a group of specialized, specialized and specialized parts manufacturing enterprises that participate in the international division of labor.

6). The growth pattern has changed significantly. The production organization and important production processes have been improved, the modern manufacturing service industry has been developed, the energy consumption per unit of industrial added value, material consumption and pollutant emissions have been significantly reduced, labor productivity has increased significantly, and the proportion of modern manufacturing services revenue of large enterprise groups to sales revenue has reached More than 20%.

3. Main tasks of industrial adjustment and revitalization

(1) Revitalize the equipment manufacturing industry by relying on key projects in the top ten fields.

1). Efficient clean power generation. Based on Liaoning Hongyan River, Fujian Ningde and Fuqing, Guangdong Yangjiang, Zhejiang Fangjiashan and Sanmen, Shandong Haiyang and subsequent nuclear power plant construction projects, promote the second generation of improved, AP1000 nuclear power equipment autonomy, focusing on pressure vessels, steam Domestic manufacturing of main equipment such as generators, control rod drive mechanisms, nuclear grade pump valves, and emergency diesel engines. Based on the large-scale wind farm projects in the northeast, northwest, northern North China and coastal areas, the company will promote the autonomy of wind power equipment and focus on the domestic manufacturing of inverter control systems, wind power bearings and carbon fiber blades. Further improve the performance and quality of technical equipment such as hydropower equipment, large-scale pumped storage units, multi-kilowatt-class supercritical/ultra-supercritical thermal power equipment, large gas units, and waste incineration power generation equipment. Develop solar power generation equipment. Development of large-scale thermal power and nuclear power plant auxiliary engines.

2). UHV power transmission and transformation. Relying on the UHV AC-DC transmission demonstration project, we will promote 750 kV, 1000 kV AC and ± with the focus on AC transformer, DC converter transformer, reactor, current transformer, voltage transformer and fully enclosed combined electrical appliance. The 800 kV DC power transmission and transformation equipment is autonomous.

3). Coal mining and metal mining. With ten large-scale open-pit coal mines such as Pingyidong, Shenglidong No.2, Baiyinhua and Chaoyang, ten deep mines such as Suanci Ditch and large-scale metal mines, we will vigorously develop new types of mining and upgrading. Washing equipment, focusing on the domestic manufacturing of electric traction shearers, hydraulic supports, large mining electric wheel dump trucks, large open-pit mining excavators and other equipment.

4). Natural gas pipeline transportation and liquefaction storage and transportation. Based on the natural gas pipeline transportation project of the Second West-East Gas Pipeline and the Shaanxi-Beijing Third Line, the company will develop long-distance pipeline pressure-burning units, large-scale pipeline ball valves and control systems, etc.; and LNG receiving stations in Zhejiang, Jiangsu, Zhuhai and Qingdao. To rely on the development of large LNG carriers and receiving stations and other equipment.

5). High-speed railway. With the construction of the 10,000-kilometer high-speed railway passenger line, such as Beijing-Shanghai, Beijing-Guangzhou, Beijing-Shenyang, and Shanghai-Kunming, as well as the construction of the western trunk railway and coal transportation channel, the organization and implementation of railway transportation equipment will be autonomous, and high-speed EMUs will be realized. Domestic manufacturing of high-power AC drive power/diesel vehicles, heavy-duty trucks, and large-scale maintenance machinery.

6). Urban rail transit. Based on nearly 70 line projects in 17 cities including Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Shenzhen, the company will focus on the implementation of urban rail transit vehicles, signal systems, train network control systems, braking systems, main and auxiliary inverters and other mechanical and electrical equipment. .

7). Agriculture and rural areas. Relying on the country's new 100 billion jin grain project, we will vigorously develop high-power tractors and supporting agricultural machinery, energy-saving and environmentally-friendly medium-sized tractors and other farming machines, general-purpose grain combine harvesters, new semi-feed rice combine harvesters, and high-efficiency corn joints. Harvesting machines, self-propelled cotton pickers and other harvesting machinery, no-till seeding machines, water-saving sprinkler irrigation equipment, etc. To meet the needs of new rural construction and agricultural modernization, we will focus on the development of complete sets of equipment for deep processing of agricultural products, irrigation and drainage equipment, biogas removal equipment, and rural safe drinking water purification equipment.

8). infrastructure. Adapt to the development needs of transportation, energy, water conservancy, real estate and other industries, develop large-scale and new construction machinery with the focus on large-scale tunnel full-face tunneling machines, large crawler cranes and all-terrain cranes, bridge-building machines, asphalt concrete mixing and recycling equipment. Develop airport-specific equipment with a focus on air traffic control equipment and air traffic control automation systems, high-speed sorting systems for baggage and cargo, security equipment and intelligent monitoring systems, integrated navigation systems and equipment, airport information integration systems and equipment; The development of port machinery is focused on large bucket wheel reclaimers, dumpers, loading and unloading vessels.

9). Ecological environment and people's livelihood. Adapt to environmental protection and social and people's livelihood needs, vigorously develop sewage sludge treatment equipment, denitrification and desulfurization equipment, waste heat and gas recycling equipment, environmental online monitoring instruments, food, medicine, coal mine gas and other safety testing equipment, major accident emergency rescue equipment , digital medical equipment, etc.

10). Major science and technology projects. Accelerate the implementation of high-tech CNC machine tools and basic manufacturing equipment major projects, focusing on the development of high-speed precision composite CNC cutting machine, heavy-duty CNC cutting machine, CNC special processing machine, large-scale CNC forming stamping equipment, heavy forging equipment, clean high-efficiency casting equipment, new type Eight types of mainframe products, such as welding equipment and automatic production equipment, large-scale cleaning heat treatment and surface treatment equipment, basically master the core technologies of high-grade numerical control devices, motors and drive devices, CNC machine tool functional components and key components.

(2) Seize the nine key industrial projects and implement equipment autonomy.

1). Steel industry. Relying on the engineering determined by the adjustment and revitalization plan of the steel industry, the hot and cold continuous rolling wide-band steel equipment, large-scale slab continuous casting machine, color coated steel plate production equipment, large-scale oxygen generator, large-scale blast furnace fan, waste heat recovery device, etc. Focus on promoting the autonomy of large-scale metallurgical complete sets of equipment.

2). Automotive industry. In combination with the implementation of the automobile industry adjustment and revitalization plan, we will focus on improving the four major process equipments of automobile stamping, welding, painting and final assembly, and realize the autonomy of equipment required for the manufacture of key components such as engines, transmissions and new energy vehicles.

3). Petrochemical industry. Relying on the projects identified by the petrochemical industry adjustment and revitalization plan, complete sets of equipment such as 10 million tons of oil refining, millions of tons of large ethylene, terephthalic acid (PTA), large chemical fertilizer, large coal chemical and natural gas transportation liquefaction storage and transportation Large-scale centrifugal compressor units, large volume compressor units, key pump valves, reaction heat exchangers, extrusion granulators, large-scale air separation equipment, cryogenic pumps, etc., and promote the autonomy of petrochemical equipment.

4). Shipbuilding industry. In combination with the implementation of the shipbuilding industry adjustment and revitalization plan, we will focus on improving the level of welding and painting process equipment, and realize the autonomy of equipment required for the manufacture of marine diesel engines, crankshafts, propellers, cabin equipment, deck machinery and other key components.

5). light industry. In conjunction with the implementation of light industry adjustment and revitalization planning, we will promote light industrial machinery with emphasis on food machinery, pulp and paper machinery, plastic molding machinery, leather and footwear machinery, optical and mechanical integration sewing machinery, packaging equipment and food safety testing equipment. Autonomy.

6). Textile industry. In combination with the implementation of the textile industry adjustment and revitalization plan, we will promote the autonomy of textile machinery with emphasis on thin and thin, fine-linking, high-speed weaving equipment, non-woven complete sets of equipment, special weaving complete sets of equipment, high-efficiency, continuous and short-process dyeing and finishing equipment.

7). Non-ferrous metal industry. In conjunction with the implementation of the non-ferrous metal industry adjustment and revitalization plan, we will promote the autonomy of non-ferrous metallurgical equipment with the focus on high-precision rolling mills, large-section and complex cross-section extruders.

8). Electronic information industry. In combination with the implementation of the electronic information industry adjustment and revitalization plan, the integrated circuit key equipment, flat panel display device production equipment, new component production equipment, surface mount and lead-free process machine assembly equipment, electronic special equipment and tools, etc. Focus on promoting the autonomy of electronic information equipment.

9). Defence military. In line with the development needs of the national defense industry, the key technologies and equipment required for aviation, aerospace, ships, weapons, nuclear industry, as well as testing and testing equipment will be taken as the focus to promote the autonomy of national defense military equipment. Give play to the advantages of military technology and promote the integration of military and civilian.

(3) Enhance the manufacturing level of the four supporting products and consolidate the foundation of industrial development.

1). Large castings and forgings. Focus on the development of large-scale nuclear power equipment castings and forgings, million kilowatts of supercritical / ultra-supercritical thermal power unit castings and forgings, 700,000 kilowatts or more large-scale mixed-flow turbines castings and forgings, petrochemical, coal chemical heavy-duty container forgings, hot and cold continuous rolling mill castings and forgings Large marine crankshafts, propeller shaft forgings, large bearing ring forgings, etc.

2). Basic components. Focus on the development of high-power power electronic components, functional modules, large, precision bearings, high-precision gear transmissions, high-strength fasteners, high-pressure piston pumps / motors, hydraulic valves, hydraulic electronic controllers, hydraulic transmissions, pneumatic components , bearing sealing system, rubber and plastic seals, etc. Accelerate the development of industrial automation control systems and instrumentation, medium and high-end sensors.

3). Processing aids. Focus on the development of large-scale precision cavity molds, precision stamping dies, high-grade mold standard parts, high-efficiency, high-performance, sophisticated tools, high-precision, intelligent, digital measuring instruments, high-grade precision abrasives and so on.

4). Special raw materials. Focus on the development of high temperature, high pressure and corrosion resistant steel for power station (steel pipe), high magnetic induction oriented silicon steel for large transformers, insulation materials for high voltage and ultra high voltage power transmission and transformation equipment, high speed train bogies, special steel for wheelsets, aircraft High-grade aluminum profiles, bearings, gears, molds, measuring tools, cutting tools, special steel for high-strength fasteners, steel for machine tool ball screws and linear guides, high wear-resistant steel, high strength, high temperature resistance, low wear, long life Composite sealing materials, etc.

(4) Promote seven key tasks and transform the mode of industrial development.

1). Accelerate the adjustment of industrial organization structure. We will focus on supporting key enterprises in equipment manufacturing to reorganize across industries, regions and sub-systems, and gradually form large-scale enterprise groups with engineering general contracting, system integration, international trade and financing capabilities. Increase investment in key infrastructure enterprises, guide private capital and foreign investment in basic components, processing aids and other fields, develop a number of high-start, large-scale, specialized enterprises, and improve the industrial supporting system.

2). Enhance the ability of independent innovation. Increase investment in scientific research and focus on a number of common technologies that have long plagued industrial development. Accelerate the construction of a number of highly-driven national engineering research centers, engineering technology research centers, engineering laboratories, etc., to enhance the company's product development, manufacturing, testing and testing capabilities. Promote the combination of production, study and research with enterprises as the main body, encourage research institutes to enter the enterprise, and support enterprises to cultivate and strengthen the R&D team.

3). Improve the level of professional production. Improve the production organization of enterprises, rationally allocate resources, integrate the four basic technological capabilities of casting, forging, heat treatment and surface treatment in the region, and build specialized production centers. Increase investment in technological transformation, promote advanced manufacturing technologies and clean production methods, improve material utilization and production efficiency, reduce energy consumption, and reduce pollutant emissions.

4). Accelerate the improvement of the product standard system. Accelerate the system (standard) of equipment products, improve the standard level, promote the promotion and application of new technologies, new processes, new equipment and new materials, and eliminate backward products. Track the development trend of international advanced technology, focus on the integration with international standards, actively participate in the international standard system (revision), and promote the entry of independent innovation products into the international market.

5). Use of overseas resources and markets. Fully absorb the experience of overseas advanced management, selectively introduce advanced technology, create favorable conditions for overseas professional and technical personnel to return to work, and improve the technical level of China's equipment manufacturing industry. Support qualified enterprises to merge and reorganize overseas enterprises and R&D institutions. Stabilize and expand the export of equipment products, and increase the technical content, added value and complete sets of export products.

6). Develop modern manufacturing services. Focusing on industrial transformation and upgrading, we support equipment manufacturing backbone enterprises to carry out value-added services in project contracting, system integration, equipment leasing, provision of solutions, remanufacturing, etc., and gradually realize the transition from production-oriented manufacturing to service-oriented manufacturing. Encourage qualified enterprises to extend and expand R&D, design, and information services to provide social services to other companies.

7). Strengthen enterprise management and talent team building. Guide equipment manufacturing enterprises to accelerate the pace of reform, optimize the structure of property rights, transform operating mechanisms, establish a modern enterprise system, strengthen enterprise management, comprehensively improve scientific decision-making and production and operation levels, and enhance the ability to participate in international competition and prevent market risks. Improve the production organization of enterprises, strengthen product quality management, implement various safety production measures, and improve production efficiency and product quality. Strengthen the construction of talent team, focus on introducing and cultivating innovative R&D design talents, pioneering management talents, senior technical talents and other professional talents, strengthen staff training, improve the quality of the workforce, and meet the sustainable development needs of enterprises.

4. Policy measures

(1) To play the role of the VAT transition policy.

Give full play to the role of VAT transformation policy in promoting technological progress of enterprises, encourage enterprises to intensify technological transformation, speed up equipment renewal, adjust product structure, and promote technological advancement of enterprises.

(2) Strengthening equipment procurement management of investment projects.

The central budget investment projects must support independent innovation of technical equipment. The project procurement documents shall be accompanied by a list of equipment purchases. The equipment procurement plan shall be evaluated during the project consultation and evaluation stage. The project supervision stage shall strengthen the supervision and guidance of equipment bidding and ensure the implementation of the independent innovation equipment procurement plan.

(3) Encourage the use of the first domestic (set) equipment.

Establish a risk compensation mechanism using the first domestic (set) equipment. Encourage insurance companies to carry out the first domestic (set) major technical equipment insurance business.

(4) Increase investment in technological progress and technological transformation.

Formulate the "Technology Progress and Technical Transformation Project and Product Catalogue of Equipment Manufacturing Industry", support the use of the first domestic (set) major technical equipment, support the autonomy of equipment in the catalog, energy-saving and material-saving emission reduction, and internal resource integration after mergers and acquisitions Construction of four regional basic technology centers and development of modern manufacturing services.

(5) Supporting the export of equipment products.

We will improve the export tax rebate policy and appropriately increase the export tax rebate rate for some high-tech and high value-added equipment products. Encourage financial institutions to increase the export of export credit funds, support domestic enterprises to undertake major foreign projects, and drive the export of complete sets of equipment and construction machinery.

(6) Adjusting tax incentives.

Encourage the introduction of digestion, absorption and innovation, and the key technical equipment and products that support the development of the country, it is necessary to import key components and raw materials, exempt from customs duties and import value-added tax. After the expiration of the policy of pre-requisition and return of the value-added tax on castings, forgings, molds and CNC machine tools, research and formulate new tax support policies, adjust the scope of application of policies, and guide the development of high-tech, high-value-added products.

(7) Promote mergers and acquisitions of enterprises.

Formulate policies and measures to encourage domestic enterprises to cross-regional, cross-industry, and cross-ownership restructuring, properly solve problems such as resettlement of surplus personnel, debt verification and disposal, and distribution of fiscal and tax benefits; issue stocks, corporate bonds, corporate bonds, medium and long-term notes, and Short-term financing bills and application loans will be supported; for domestic enterprises to acquire overseas manufacturing enterprises and R&D institutions, relevant project loan interest subsidies can be given. Financial institutions are encouraged to conduct domestic and foreign M&A loans under conditions where risks are under control.

(8) Implement subsidies for energy-saving products and subsidies for the purchase of agricultural machinery and equipment.

We will use subsidies for energy-saving products to subsidize end-users who purchase high-efficiency energy-saving equipment products. In 2009, we will first subsidize the promotion and application of high-efficiency motors. We will promptly implement the subsidy policy for the purchase of agricultural machinery and implement it, and cash it out to the household as soon as possible.

(9) Establish an industrial information disclosure system.

Timely release information such as industrial policy guidance, project approval, enterprise restructuring, capacity utilization, import and export, production and sales inventory to the society, and provide information guidance for enterprise investment decisions, bank loans, and land pre-trial.

(10) Support the construction of product inspection and testing and certification institutions.

Strengthen the construction of product quality inspection and testing capabilities, and improve the quality inspection level. We will build inspection and certification institutions for new equipment such as high-speed railways and urban rail transit, and improve the national compulsory product certification system.

5. Planning and implementation

Relevant departments of the State Council shall, in accordance with the "Planning" division of labor, formulate and improve relevant policies and measures as soon as possible, work closely together, and form a joint force to ensure the smooth implementation of the "Planning". It is necessary to carry out the post-evaluation work of the "Planning" in a timely manner and submit evaluation opinions in a timely manner.

All regions shall, in accordance with the objectives, tasks and policy measures determined in the "Planning", work closely with the local authorities to formulate specific implementation plans to ensure effective results. The new work plans and new problems arising in the specific work plan and implementation process shall be reported to the relevant departments such as the Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology in a timely manner.

Analysis of the current situation of the development of equipment manufacturing industry in 2009

The equipment manufacturing industry is a basic and strategic industry that is related to the development of the national economy and the provision of technical equipment for national defense construction. The global financial crisis has already constituted a severe challenge to the development of China's equipment manufacturing industry. Luo Baihui believes that under the background of China's investment of 4 trillion yuan to stimulate domestic demand and stimulate economic growth, accelerate the transformation and upgrading of the equipment manufacturing industry, which will help resolve the financial crisis. The adverse effects caused by this, and the realization of China's transformation from a large manufacturing country to a strong manufacturing equipment.

1, 30 years of development achievements

After 30 years of reform and opening up, China's equipment manufacturing industry has made remarkable achievements, forming an equipment manufacturing system with complete categories, considerable scale and certain level, and made important contributions to national economic development and national defense construction.

First of all, the pillar industry status of China's equipment manufacturing industry is increasingly prominent. In recent years, China's equipment manufacturing industry has developed rapidly, and its growth rate is higher than that of the manufacturing industry. It has become the main driving force for the rapid growth of the national economy. In 2007, the total output value of China's equipment manufacturing industry reached 11.94 trillion yuan, accounting for 33.77% of the total industrial output value of the manufacturing industry, and surpassed Japan and Germany, ranking second in the world.

Secondly, China's equipment manufacturing industry's independent innovation capability has improved significantly. Through the introduction and digestion of foreign advanced technology, support for independent innovation and technological transformation, a number of major equipment with independent intellectual property rights have been developed, and a number of high-level equipment innovation platforms have been built. A number of key products have reached the international advanced level.

Third, the international competitiveness of China's equipment manufacturing industry is further improving. While maintaining the price advantage, the quality and technical level have also been greatly improved. A number of major equipment have occupied the international market and established a good reputation first in the world. Since 2009, under the active role of a series of macro-control policies of the central government, the equipment manufacturing industry has become more stable and the trend has become more and more obvious. The policy effects of adjustment and revitalization planning have gradually emerged. In the first three quarters of 2009, the overall operation of the equipment manufacturing industry was stable, and the growth rate gradually accelerated, which reversed the decline in profits.

Fourth, the industrial agglomeration effect of China's equipment manufacturing industry has begun to show. According to their own foundations and advantages, all localities are building a number of high-level equipment manufacturing bases, showing the clues of agglomeration development. With the advancement of state-owned enterprise reform, there has been a trend of mergers and acquisitions, and industrial concentration has further improved.

Fifth, China's equipment manufacturing enterprises have achieved initial results by “going out”. The domestic machine tool industry has acquired 10 overseas machine tool companies. Sany Heavy Industry and Xidian Group have invested and set up factories abroad. Huawei, ZTE and Lenovo have set up R&D centers overseas. A group of equipment manufacturing enterprises have emerged in the international arena and become international large enterprises.

However, from the current development situation, although China has become a major power equipment manufacturing country in the world, it is still not a strong country in equipment manufacturing. Mainly face some problems: weak independent innovation capability, high dependence on foreign countries, core technology is subject to people, and is at a disadvantage in international competition; extensive development mode has not fundamentally changed, one-sided pursuit of development scale and speed, has not yet gone beyond traditional industrialization The old road that consumes a lot of resources, the overall quality is not high, the industrial concentration is low, and there are no large enterprises with international competitiveness; the industrial base is weak, the development of basic manufacturing equipment, basic components and key raw materials lags behind, and the combination of high-tech and traditional equipment industry transformation Not enough, the equipment manufacturing industry is not high enough to adapt to the needs of China's industrialization process.

2. Development status in 2009

In recent months, the financial crisis has seriously affected the global economy, and the downside risks of the world economy have become increasingly severe, and the negative impact on the Chinese economy has become increasingly apparent. The growth rate of China's industrial output has declined for four consecutive months. In October, the growth rate of industrial added value above designated size dropped sharply from 16% in June to 8.2%, the lowest since 2002. Affected by this, China's equipment manufacturing industry is facing severe challenges, mainly in the following three aspects.

First of all, affected by the financial crisis, China's equipment manufacturing industry's production and sales growth in 2009 fell sharply.

According to the data provided by the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology of China, from January to September 2009, the growth rate of industrial added value of China's machinery industry fell by 4.2 percentage points year-on-year, and some products even experienced negative growth. The growth rate of industrial output value of the automobile industry decreased by 14 percentage points year-on-year, and the export of the whole vehicle showed a year-on-year and double-cycle decline.

Secondly, the follow-up orders for China's equipment manufacturing industry have also shown a sharp downward trend. New orders for machine tools, power generation equipment, heavy machinery and other products have dropped sharply. Take Shanghai Electric Group as an example. In September, domestic equipment orders were only 6% of the same period last year. In October, the Chinese ship market was in a “stagnant” state. The orders for new ships in that month were only 10% of the average monthly order received this year, and even the withdrawal of the order occurred.

Third, the financial crisis has also led to a tighter capital chain for equipment manufacturing companies. Zhang Xiangmu, director of the Equipment Industry Department of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, said that due to shrinking market demand, the company has a large backlog of finished products, accounts receivable increased, and capital turnover is difficult. At the same time, due to the double pressure of falling product prices and digesting high-priced inventory raw materials, corporate profits generally declined.

3. Characteristics and summary of development in 2009

In 2009, the development of the equipment manufacturing industry showed the following characteristics: First, the overall achieved steady and rapid growth. In the first three quarters of 2009, the added value of the above-scale equipment industry increased by 11.2% year-on-year, with July, August and September increasing by 15.9%, 16.1% and 16.8% respectively. Second, the economic benefits have steadily rebounded. From January to August 2009, the total profit of the equipment manufacturing industry increased by 8.06% year-on-year. Third, fixed asset investment continued to grow. From January to August 2009, the growth rate of fixed assets investment in equipment manufacturing industry was 38.9%, which was higher than the growth rate of urban fixed assets investment by 5.9 percentage points. From the perspective of investment composition, the investment growth rate of the equipment manufacturing industry expansion and expansion project is much faster than the investment growth rate of new projects, indicating that enterprises pay more attention to strengthening technological transformation. At the same time, due to the implementation of VAT reform in 2009, the proportion of enterprises purchasing new equipment in investment has increased. Fourth, the state's tax incentives have effectively reduced the cost pressure of enterprises, increased the export tax rebate rate for some mechanical and electrical products, and adjusted the preferential tax policies for imported key parts and raw materials, which played an important role in reducing the cost pressure of enterprises.

The above situation shows that under the influence of the central government's package plan in 2009, the equipment manufacturing industry has overcome the impact and impact brought by the international financial crisis. It has passed the most difficult period, the positive factors are increasing, and the overall good operating situation has been clear. Practice has proved that the decision-making and deployment of the Party Central Committee and the State Council in response to the international financial crisis are completely correct. The series of policy measures adopted are timely, powerful and effective. Luo Baihui said that China's equipment manufacturing industry is affected by the domestic and international economic situation is a global one, and the impact is unprecedented. But the crisis is also an opportunity. As long as we seize the opportunity to timely eliminate backward products, backward processes and backward production capacity, and achieve industrial transformation and upgrading, we will be able to cope with it. At the same time, China has decided to invest 4 trillion yuan to boost domestic demand and promote economic growth. This will also become an important "engine" for stimulating China's equipment manufacturing industry.

The financial crisis has evolved into a huge global disaster. The most important task for most countries is to hurry to stop bleeding. However, he believes that the financial crisis has a "positive" impact on China's equipment manufacturing industry, which is in the mid-industrial era, and can form a "reverse mechanism" to force enterprises to transform and upgrade. The financial crisis is also an opportunity for China's equipment manufacturing enterprises. "In the financial crisis, who can stand firm, who can not fall, who can occupy the commanding heights of this industry. To do this, the key is to optimize the product structure of the company and enhance its international competitiveness." The financial crisis may become an opportunity for a country with such a strong strength as China. Especially for the equipment manufacturing industry, which is less affected by the financial crisis, it is a "golden opportunity" to introduce the world's advanced technology, form its own core competitiveness, and complete industrial upgrading. Strengthening the equipment manufacturing industry will effectively promote the steady development of the Chinese economy. In the face of the crisis, the Chinese government also indicated that it will adopt a series of measures to accelerate the structural adjustment and transformation and upgrading of the equipment manufacturing industry, which will undoubtedly inject a "cardiotonic agent" into the industry.

First of all, China is actively expanding domestic demand. In the future, it will speed up the implementation of major infrastructure construction under construction, launch a number of large-scale engineering projects that are conducive to enhancing the stamina of economic development, and increase efforts to support the adjustment of industrial structure and the optimization and upgrading of key projects. At the same time, when promoting the construction of these key projects, the proportion of purchasing domestic equipment will be further increased.

Secondly, China will comprehensively use policies and measures such as tax rebates, foreign trade development funds, and fiscal interest subsidies to support the export of equipment manufacturing products with independent brands and core technologies, and maintain stable growth in exports of major technological equipment.

Third, China will also strengthen credit support for the equipment manufacturing industry, make full use of the country's implementation of a moderately loose monetary policy, ease the current capital chain tension in the equipment manufacturing industry, and support the development of enterprises, especially small and medium-sized enterprises.

“尽管当前我国经济面临的形势严峻，但经过改革开放30年的高速发展，我国已具备了较为坚实的产业基础和抵御各种风险的能力。立足根本，就能战胜危机，赢得主动，在国际金融危机中推进结构调整，最终实现装备制造业的飞速发展。”张相木说。

四、2010年装备制造业发展展望

1、中国装备制造业未来发展趋势

根据联合国统计司的统计，中国的GDP总量占世界第四位，近两年来有希望超过欧洲排名世界第三，制造业在中国的GDP增长当中起着主要的作用，而且其增长速度也在三个产业当中是最快的。在世界经济当中尽管第三产业在不断发展，但是在相当长的时期内，制造业还是经济发展当中的重要部分，而且还发挥着主要的领跑作用。中国国际经济发展研究中心行业特邀研究员罗百辉认为，中国装备制造业前景仍然光明：一方面金融和经济危机伤害到欧美制造业，另一方面很多发展中国家经济不断增长，加大加快对公共基础设施建设和机械基础产业建设的投入，这使得全球装备业市场十分活跃。罗百辉指出，未来5年内中国装备制造业仍将获得长足的发展。我们要以科学发展观为指导，以中国国家利益为根本，以全球竞争为视角，通过自主创新、国际兼并、集群化、信息化、服务化、质量化、品牌化来充分发挥中国装备制造业的活力、动力和核心竞争力，实现从产业链低端向高端跃进，构建可持续发展模式，应对竞争激烈、资源能源紧缺、成本增加、环保强化的挑战。在这些变化趋势中，中国装备制造业的集群化、信息化、服务化和品牌化最为突出。

1）、集群化

制造企业为实现产业最有效分工、最短路径协作和最低成本，聚集在某个地区共同赢得地区竞争优势。集群化不仅细化和优化了产业链的分工，促进了产学研用政金等各方面的结合，充分发挥了龙头、中小企业的优势，又大大缩短了开发和制造的成本，提高了企业的自主创新能力和市场开拓能力。

美国硅谷电子设备业群、明尼阿波利斯医学设备业群，德国的索林根的刀具业群、斯图加特的机床业群等，都是世界上较为典型的产业集群。中国的产业集群已经在广东、福建、浙江、江苏、山东、辽宁、陕西、四川等地区初具规模。

2）、信息化

装备制造业正向全面信息化迈进，主要表现为制造的信息控制，来实现制造的高速、精密、智能、简便、效率提高、时间缩短、质量保证、成本降低、高附加值。其关键不仅在于芯片与软件的融合，更在于制造技术与信息技术的融合。

信息化将制造业的设计、生产、物流、销售和服务一体化，信息化制造贯穿于从订单开始，产品的制造加工、运输、销售、售后服务等产品全寿命周期。

装备制造业将实现产业的信息化、软件化、高附加值化、网络化和电子商务化。柔性制造系统，柔性制造单元、数控系统的开发、推广和应用，并逐渐向制造智能化的方向发展。

3）、服务化

服务化覆盖着产品的开发、生产、售后服务、报废和回收，已成为制造业发展的趋势。服务不仅有利于保持品牌的特色，而且增强市场竞争能力，更重要的是保持客户，延长产业链，获取更多的产业利润的重要方式。

国外装备企业越来越依靠服务来扩大经营的增值空间，例如美国通用电气公司，不仅为自己的用户，而且为竞争对手的用户提供服务。其服务作为该公司的独立领域，所创造的价值相当于其海外工程承包总额的70%。

4）、品牌化

品牌化是强化市场竞争能力、产业升级的关键。品牌是企业综合实力的高度象征，创新是品牌的核心竞争力。

品牌是企业一种无形资产，它反映产品的品质，同时也代表企业的市场开拓能力和持续发展的后劲。现代的市场竞争已不单纯是过去的产品价格和质量的竞争，更重要的是企业形象的竞争。品牌是企业形象、文化的集中体现，是一个企业产品质量、技术、创新、市场占有，营销策略的总体展示。

2、中国制造业2010年转型出路

中国“全球制造中心、世界工厂”的角色面临转型，罗百辉指出，中国制造业的有效出路是实行产业升级、节能减排、低本高附价值转型。珠三角、长三角目前的生产成本已开始超过许多东南亚国家，对传统劳动密集型产业如家电、电子、纺织服装、印染、化工原料和玩具业产生巨大影响。

1）、产业：结构调整升级

装备制造业、化工行业落后产能过剩，国家着力促进产业结构调整，鼓励高新技术产业和先进装备制造业、化工业的发展。国务院2006年6月正式发布《国务院关于加快振兴装备制造业的若干意见》，明确了我国振兴装备制造业重点突破16项装备和产品，并从6个方面加大政策支持力度，全面提高我国装备制造业的国际竞争力。同时国家出台的《促进产业结构调整暂行规定》及相关措施，优化了产业结构，控制了产能过剩，鼓励高新技术产业和先进装备制造业的发展，产业结构优化升级也由此开始。在上述政策的引导和扶持下，典型影响行业是机械制造行业企业，这其中包括众多电子机械、化工机械、服装食品机械行业等。

2）、行业：节能减排风尚

“节能减排”是高耗能行业产业结构调整的直接动因，而节约能源、降低成本、扶持高资源利用率高生产力企业做大做强、优化行业资源配置是“节能减排”政策导向的源动力。伴随着改革开放的进程，中国年均经济增长速度接近10%，但如此高速发展是以传统的“高投入、高消耗、高污染”来带动产出为代价的。中国制造业的劳动生产率仅为3.8万元/人年，是美国和日本的4%、德国的5.5%。面对上述状况，中国专家呼吁:“中国的传统制造业在创造巨大财富的同时，也已成为能源消耗的大户，改革已经迫在眉睫。”2007年被称为“节能减排”年，我国的“十一五”规划确定，未来5年要节能20%。目前我国工业中，重工业的发展快过轻工业，重工业中又是高耗能行业的发展最快。2007年，钢铁、有色、建材、石油加工、化工和电力6大高耗能行业增加值增长20.1%，增幅同比提高3.6个百分点。国家发改委有关负责人表示，2007年以来，国家加大了对高耗能行业的调控力度，从钢铁、有色、建材、石油加工及炼焦、化工这5个行业运行情况看，政策效果正在逐步显现，但总体增速依然偏快。

3）、企业：经营成本价值

中国制造行业的地位正在逐步被高成本、低价位策略所侵蚀。应对这一变化，中国制造企业有两条出路:一是向成本更低的地方转移，比如转到中国中西部地区，这是短期行为、饮鸩止渴，这种简单的产业转移并不能解决问题，反而是拖延扩散产能过剩、贸易失衡和环境污染等深层次问题，能否理性地承接具体的转移项目是各地政府和环保部门的一道难题，更何况很多制造企业在考虑到劳动力和土地、廉价的物流等这些综合经营成本后，很难下定决心进行迁移;二是实行产业升级，提升产品的质量、档次、技术含量以及自有品牌，进而提高产品的价格，提高“中国制造”在全球价值链中的地位，树立品牌和自主创新技术积累虽然需要长期努力，但却是解决中国制造业中劳动密集型企业面临的“全球制造中心”地位被改变的根本解决方法。

3、2010年发展对策

2010年已经到来，在为2009年取得不凡业绩高兴的同时，我们也要清醒地认识到，我国装备制造业发展面临的内外部环境依然还很严峻，企稳回升的基础还不牢固，运行的态势还不平稳，各地区、各行业之间发展也不平衡。一些产业结构不合理、部分产能过剩、落后产能难淘汰等问题，有进一步加剧的趋势。前不久，工业和信息化部副部长苗圩在分析我国装备制造业面临的主要问题时指出：世界经济复苏仍然脆弱、不稳定，对我国经济发展不利的影响在短期内还是难以有根本的改变。国际贸易保护主义势头有所抬头，特别是针对中国的贸易保护措施在加强。种种迹象表明，我国装备产品出口面临着难度，可能还将延续相当长一段时间。 目前中国制造业占全球制造业的比重已超一成，到2015年中国将成为世界最大的制造业国家。但是中国仍不是制造业强国，正开始从制造业大国向制造业强国挺进。中国国际经济发展研究中心行业特邀研究员罗百辉认为，目前中国制造业必须把加大调整产业结构力度、依靠科技进步推进产业升级，重点做好五个方面的工作。

1、要抓紧出台相关实施细则。

《装备制造业调整和振兴规划》共有9项实施细则需要制定，目前已出台5项；尚未出台的4项实施细则，要加快协调，确保年底前全部出台。

2、要进一步加强技术改造工作。

加快实施投资计划内技术改造项目，跟踪检查项目执行情况，确保取得投资效益；根据行业发展需求，提出明年技术改造的方向和重点，做好项目储备，完善重点项目库；加快建立推进技术改造的长效机制。

3、要重点抓好重大技术装备自主化。

尽快出台《首台（套）重大技术装备认定和示范项目实施办法》和《投资项目设备评估管理办法》，为重大技术装备发展和自主创新创造良好环境；研究制定《做强做大装备制造业行动纲要》，发布《重大技术装备自主创新指导目录》，明确推进重大技术装备自主化的方向和重点任务等。

4、要加快推进企业兼并重组。

尽快出台加快推进装备制造企业兼并重组的指导意见，增强政策针对性和可操作性，努力消除跨地区、跨行业、跨所有制兼并重组的政策障碍。制定促进风电设备健康发展的指导意见，防止产能过剩。

5、要抓好新兴产业的培育和发展。

综合考虑市场需求和支撑条件，初步考虑选择节能和新能源汽车、海洋工程装备、通用飞机和支线飞机、高速轨道交通设备、高性能船舶等作为新兴支柱产业培育的重点领域。研究制定《节能和新能源汽车行动计划》，发布《海洋工程装备科研项目指南》和《新船型开发科研项目指南》，制定通用飞机和支线飞机产业化扶持政策。通过制定发展政策，依靠技术进步，创造新的市场需求，培育新的增长点。

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