Brief history of electric light source

Human studies of electric light sources began in the late 18th century. At the beginning of the 19th century, H. David of the United Kingdom invented carbon arc lamps. In 1879, American TA Edison invented the practical value of carbon filament incandescent lamps, enabling humans to enter the era of electrical lighting from long exposure lighting. In 1907, drawn tungsten wire was used as an incandescent body. In 1912, the study of inflatable incandescent lamps by I. Langmuir et al. in the United States improved the luminous efficiency of incandescent lamps and extended their lifespan, expanding the range of application of incandescent lamps. In the early 1930s, low pressure sodium lamps were successfully developed. In 1938, fluorescent lamps were developed in Europe and the United States, and their luminous efficiency and lifetime were more than three times that of incandescent lamps. This is a breakthrough in electric light source technology. In the 1940s, high pressure mercury lamps entered the practical stage. At the end of the 1950s, halogen tungsten lamps with small volume and light decay were introduced, which changed the state of slow progress of thermal radiation source technology. This is another major breakthrough in electric light source technology. Metal halide lamps and high pressure sodium lamps were developed in the 1960s, and their luminous efficiency is much higher than that of high pressure mercury lamps. In the 1980s, compact tube diameter compact energy-saving fluorescent lamps, low-power high-pressure sodium lamps and low-power metal halide lamps appeared, which made electric light sources enter a new era of miniaturization, energy saving and electronic.

The invention of an electric light source and an electric light source promotes the construction of an electric device. The electric light source has high conversion efficiency, stable power supply, convenient control and use, safe and reliable, and can easily count the energy consumption by the meter. Therefore, it has been popularized for more than one hundred years after its publication. It not only becomes a necessity for human daily life, but also plays an important role in industry, agriculture, transportation, and national defense and scientific research.

The electricity used for lighting in the world (power consumption of lighting sources) accounts for about 10% to 20% of the total power generation. In China, lighting power accounts for about 10% of total power generation. With the acceleration of China's modernization development, the power consumption of lighting has increased year by year, and the power growth rate is not compatible. Therefore, the development, development and promotion of energy-saving electric light sources have attracted people's attention.

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