Participating guests:
Yao Longtao Shanghai Fengxian District Animal Disease Control Center
Fan Fuhao, Researcher, Secretary General, Guangdong Pig Industry Association
Zhang Jian, Researcher, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Ye Weimin, Technical Manager, Hunan Shengyakai Biotechnology Co., Ltd.
Li Xiusheng Hangzhou Ailimai Animal Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd. Technology Department
Qian Guowu, Dongliang Street, Luliang County, Yunnan Province, Luliang New Farm Animal Husbandry Service Center
1. Has your local pig developed more diarrhea in recent times, which is popular from a few months?
Ye Weimin: Some parts of the South began to be popular in November.
From November 2011 to the present, outbreaks of viral diarrhea have started in Guangdong, Guangxi, and Fujian, leading to the death of a large number of piglets. According to statistics, in Guangdong Province, the number of piglets that have died from this disease has not less than 500,000 in these two months, the number of dead piglets in Guangxi is not less than 300,000, and the number of dead piglets in Fujian is not less than 200,000. So far there is no good prevention and control method, and the epidemic is still spreading. Except for the above-mentioned provinces with more serious diseases, most provinces and cities in the country have different degrees of infection and disease, especially in the southern provinces and cities.
The disease usually occurs in the cold season of winter and spring. The season of popularization in previous years has continued from October to May of the following year. However, many pig farms that have had this disease have had this disease all year round, causing serious economic losses to the farm.
Li Xiusheng: 11 points onset is on the rise
Now at the end of the year, it is the coldest season of the year. I am in Zhejiang Province, which is located in the southeast coast. It belongs to the subtropical monsoon humid climate. The winter temperature is low and the humidity is high. Once the feeding and management is improper, the pigs are easy to happen. Diarrhea mainly refers to infectious gastroenteritis (TGE) and epidemic diarrhea (PED). From about the end of November in Zhejiang Province, diarrhea began to occur and became popular.
Infectious gastroenteritis virus can continue to spread in pig farms with subclinical symptoms. Once the season of adaptation, and improper management, it can cause the outbreak of this disease. The disease often erupts in the cold season, generally starting from November to the next year from January to February. From the 24 solar terms, from the winter to the horror, it is the coldest stage of the year, so there is a "cold diarrhea" This is determined by the nature of the infectious gastroenteritis virus. Infectious gastroenteritis virus is afraid of heat, low temperature tolerance, and strong activity in low temperature seasons. It also occurs in the cold season from the perspective of pathogens.
Qianliangwu, Luliang County, Yunnan Province: Yunnan has been popular since mid-November
At present, there are more cases of diarrhea and respiratory diseases in pigs in Luliang County, Yunnan Province. The diarrhea is about to occur and prevailed around mid-November.
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Second, what are the main characteristics of the incidence of pig diarrhea? What do you think is different from previous swine viral diarrhea?
Ye Weimin: Large-scale pig farms suffer heavy losses
The main characteristics of viral diarrhea occur in the cold and humid seasons or regions. The southern region and coastal areas are seriously ill, and most of them are more harmful to large-scale pig farms. The larger the farm, the more losses caused by this disease. Big.
I learned from a pig farm in Guangxi (more than 1,300 sows) that the farm started from January 2011 and went to the May 2011 to calm the disease. During this period, more than 5,500 piglets died, causing heavy losses. There are countless large-scale pig farms with such losses. On the contrary, there are few small-scale pig farms, and even if the disease occurs, the speed of control is faster. This is a typical characteristic of the disease.
In large-scale pig farms, this disease is often manifested in suckling piglets, especially newborn piglets. The sick pigs have vomiting symptoms 2 to 3 days after birth, and then watery diarrhea, rapid weight loss, and dehydration. Any drug treatment does not receive the desired effect. The disease is acute and has a short course of disease. It often dies within 1 to 3 days, and some even die less than two hours after the discovery. Most of the diarrhea occurs in piglets in the delivery room. Other pigs occur relatively rarely, and occur in multiple batches for up to six months. The younger the age of the sick pig, the higher the mortality rate. The incidence rate is 50% to 100%, and the mortality rate is 80% to 100%.
The occurrence of this disease is significantly different from previous viral diarrhea, mainly in the following aspects:
First, the disease group, in the past, the disease is often the disease in the whole group, the sow commercial pigs have severe diarrhea, the same is that piglets will also have vomiting and diarrhea, a large number of clinical symptoms of death. The occurrence of viral diarrhea has been mentioned, mostly in the delivery room piglets, and other pigs have less severe diarrhea;
Second, in terms of pathogens, the past viral diarrhea is mostly a single pathogen, such as epidemic diarrhea or infectious gastroenteritis or rotavirus disease. The pathogens that are occurring now are more complicated, some have a single viral diarrhea, and some have several viral diarrhea. According to the research and analysis of 148 pig diarrhea samples from 11 provinces and cities and 28 pig farms in China, according to the virus research and analysis, the results of 28 pig farms in 11 provinces and cities were The results of small intestine contents showed that the positive rate of virus isolation (%) porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) accounted for 55.4 (82/148), and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus (TGEV) accounted for 39.2% (58/148). PEDV+TGEV accounted for 25.9 (38/148) and porcine rotavirus (PoRV) accounted for 10.8 (16/148).
Researcher Feng Li believes that the pathogen causing diarrhea in winter piglets is still related to PEDV, TGEV and PoRV, and the main pathogen of piglet diarrhea is still PEDV, followed by TGEV.
He Qigai, professor of Huazhong Agricultural University, Yu Xinglong, professor of Hunan Agricultural University, Huang Yanmao, professor of South China Agricultural University, and other authoritative infectious disease experts have consistently analyzed the results of laboratory pathogens.
In the third aspect, the past epidemic control time is short, and most of the disease can be well controlled within one month. The disease that occurred in front of it lasted for a long time. The disease occurred on most large-scale pig farms. It lasted for more than 4 months, and some even continued throughout the year, causing huge losses. There is a life in the industry called the first killer in front of the pig industry.
Li Xiusheng: The incidence is more serious
Porcine transmissible gastroenteritis virus invades the body through the digestive tract and respiratory tract, destroys the absorption function of intestinal epithelial cells, causes hyperosmolarity of the intestinal lumen, and causes diarrhea.
The common point of this diarrhea and usual disease is acute onset, with vomiting and water-like spray symptoms. The pigs of different ages have the disease, and the morbidity and mortality decrease with the age of the pigs.
The difference is that the viral diarrhea is more than 7 days old, and the pigs in the early stage of childcare and fattening are more frequent, and the symptoms are more serious. Pigs within 7 days of age are seriously ill and the mortality rate is extremely high, up to 100%. In particular, some conditions are simple, pigs, primiparous sows, and unvaccinated pig farms are seriously ill and the losses are huge.
Qian Guowu: Similar to previous years
The occurrence of viral diarrhea occurred in a timely manner, with a large infectious area, high mortality rate of piglets, almost no death of fat pigs, and special symptoms such as drainage-like stool, vomiting and dehydration. The diarrhea in winter in our local area is generally similar to that of previous years.
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Third, how do you prevent the disease? What is the effect?
Yao Longtao: Immunization is an effective way to prevent and control
Clinically, the pathogens that cause diarrhea in suckling pigs and acute diarrhea in suckling pigs are diverse, but infectious diseases that cause acute diarrhea within 10 years and have extremely high mortality have been identified mainly as swine epidemic diarrhea and porcine infectious stomach. Four infectious diseases such as enteritis, piglet jaundice, and piglet red mites. The acute diarrhea of ​​suckling pigs, which was popular in the winter of 2010 and the spring of 2011, has been identified. The main pathogen is swine epidemic diarrhea virus.
The most serious hazard of swine epidemic diarrhea is nascent suckling pigs. In order to control the mortality rate of suckling pigs, from the early 1970s to the mid-1990s, many pig farms used the thin pig dung of the initial sick pig or the suckling pig died of the disease. The intestinal return to the pregnant pigs has achieved good results. The disadvantage of this method is that the death of suckling pigs is still high at the onset of the disease. Therefore, some farms receive the disease materials received during the winter, and return to the sows in the summer. This method of infection has no clinical manifestations in the summer sows, but it has a good effect on preventing the onset of winter and spring. In the treatment aspect, the diseased suckling pigs are administered 4 to 6 times of intraperitoneal rehydration for one day and night, and the conditional place is to recover the pig serum (5 ml/time·head) twice a day, which is beneficial to reduce the mortality rate of the suckling pig.
Beginning in the mid-1990s, the author used the pig epidemic diarrhea and infectious gastroenteritis inactivated vaccine provided by the Harmony. The epidemiological investigation showed that after the vaccine was immunized, more than 80% of the sows Suckling pigs do not develop disease due to the availability of maternal antibodies, and the remaining suckling pigs have mild symptoms and low mortality. At the beginning of this century, the Harmony Institute pushed the second weak attenuated vaccine, and the immune effect was slightly better. According to many pig farms, it was also effective to immunize 2-week-old suckling pigs to reduce the incidence of nursery pigs and large pigs. Therefore, the attenuated vaccine almost replaced the inactivated vaccine.
For the epidemic of swine epidemic diarrhea in the past two years, the shortage of vaccine supply is one of the main reasons for the epidemic. In recent years, the Harbin Institute (including Veken), both inactivated vaccine and attenuated vaccine, is out of stock, currently Commercially available PT secondary inactivated vaccine (pure cell culture virus) with approval and production license, in recent years, at least it can be considered that its immune effect on porcine epidemic diarrhea is very inaccurate. The so-called three-no-white PTR live vaccine, which was once circulating in the market, is even less complimenting.
In the past 10 to 15 years, pig farms have become accustomed to controlling porcine epidemic diarrhea and porcine transmissible gastroenteritis through vaccine immunization. Nowadays, many veterinarians on the farm have never experienced the operation of feeding back the disease and sickness. Some people who have experienced it have been lapsed for more than 10 years and often fail to operate. Even if some of the feeding operations are correct, they fail or are repeated because they have not been diagnosed correctly for the pathogen.
For the prevention and control of the disease, it is recommended to do a high degree of prudent attitude to do immunization work, leading to the four major diseases of pigs with acute diarrhea, swine fever (C-type Clostridium) and jaundice (toxin-producing Escherichia coli) ), the vaccine effect of pig red cockroach is exact, but there are very few infected pig farms, so it is generally only applied in the affected pigs. Astragalus has a wide range of epidemics, and should be immune to sows below four births. It is preferred to use a vaccine with a price above three. At present, the commercially available PT secondary inactivated vaccine has an ineffective effect on epidemic diarrhea, but it has been found from the detection of disease materials that the detection rate of porcine transmissible gastroenteritis is very low, which seems to indicate that the vaccine is porcine transmissible gastroenteritis. The immune effect is still ok. Therefore, it is recommended that the vaccine be used before the PT attenuated vaccine is restored.
It is recommended to resume production and quarantine PT II attenuated vaccine. China's research and application of live diarrhea vaccine for pigs is earlier than Japan and South Korea. Now there are regular products in the two countries, but now China's similar products are almost to the stalls. Such a toss is really worthy of reflection from relevant parties. I am convinced that the colleagues in the pig industry in China are eagerly awaiting the resurrection of the PT II attenuated vaccine.
In the current situation where swine epidemic diarrhea is very rampant and no effective vaccine can be purchased, the method of return feeding can achieve the expected effect. It is recommended that relevant animal epidemic prevention agencies, related research and educational institutions, as well as some well-known enterprises, raise pigs. Enterprises and related personnel are trained to achieve the purpose of disaster reduction.
In addition, for the past two years, the epidemic of acute diarrhea in piglets is very serious and serious, so there are some people who think that there may be new pathogens, and some enthusiasts have made many experimental explorations, and some have caused some waves, but they are still full of The experimental basis is also far from the "Koch rule" for determining the new pathogen, which is not enough to conclude. The author, like many other colleagues, hopes to see more informative experimental results about the explorer.
Zhang Jian: You can take the method of back feeding
In addition to adopting biosafety measures and emergency vaccination of vaccines, another effective method for the treatment of the disease is to return the feed. Feeding back is to feed the sows on the affected farms, which is equivalent to artificially infecting the mother with wild poison. In pigs, sows produce antibodies, and the disease passes through maternal antibodies to protect the next generation of piglets. The main point of return feeding is the degree of response of the sow after returning to feed. 70%~80% of the sows after retort have the best effect when they are diarrhea. The principle is that the higher the number of responding pigs, the better. The materials used for back feeding are preferably taken from the feces, small intestines, and large factories of the pigs 17 to 18 hours after the onset of the disease. Antibiotics have been added to other bacteria before feeding. When the source of the disease is insufficient, it is necessary to feed the animals one month before the delivery. The sows on the left and right are fed to other pregnant sows until the entire sow has been fed. The difficulty in feeding back is that it is not quantitative, because the virulence of the epidemic strains in each pig site is different. On the other hand, the toxic amount of the diseased materials used is unclear, so it is difficult to control how much to use. The solution is It can be used in small groups first. When 70~80% of the sows have the most suitable amount of diarrhea, it is because the amount of returning feed is not easy to control, so the effect of returning feed is also unstable. The actual use of the farm reflects the effect. Better, some farms are generally ineffective or even ineffective, which may be related to the amount of virus used.
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Ye Weimin: Adopting six comprehensive prevention and control measures
Since the pathogen of this disease is a virus, the clinical symptoms are mainly vomiting and watery diarrhea. The cause of the disease is cold, the humidity in the delivery room is large, the sanitary conditions are poor, and the tools are staggered. Therefore, I believe that the treatment of this disease must integrate the above factors, and a complete treatment plan can achieve satisfactory results in treatment. The scheme I use on some affected farms is as follows:
First, to strengthen the insulation, not only the temperature of the piglet incubator is kept at 30~33 °C, but also the temperature of the delivery room should be increased to above 20 °C;
Second, to keep the farm dry, large-scale pig farms are mostly raised in high beds, and lime is spread on the ground and in the corridors. It is forbidden to wash the pig pens with water. The boring ground of piglets is promptly dragged with a mop impregnated with disinfectant water;
Third, anti-virus, the use of interferon (can be replaced with Newcastle disease 1 strain of virulent vaccine), transfer factor intramuscular injection of infected pigs, it should be noted that a pig will be treated at the same time;
Fourth, drinking water or filling oral rehydration salt solution, severely affected piglets can also take intraperitoneal injection of fluid to prevent dehydration acidosis;
Fifth, each piglet is given 2 grams of montmorillonite powder twice a day, which can effectively absorb intestinal toxins and prevent the loss of gastrointestinal mucosa;
Sixth, after the clinical symptoms of the sick pig are stabilized, the microbial preparation should be taken orally to regulate the gastrointestinal function. Through the clinical verification of many farmers, the survival rate of sick piglets can be greatly improved.
Li Xiusheng: Pigs of different ages take different measures
First, mold and mildew must be carried out, because mycotoxins are the first killer, threatening the health of sow piglets at all times. Mildew can enhance the sow resistance and reduce the diarrhea caused directly or indirectly by mycotoxins.
For the diarrhea of ​​the piglets in the delivery room, the treatment principle is to treat the mother with the disease, and both the mother and the child.
The first is to strengthen the management of the delivery room and create a suitable ambient temperature for the symptoms of the sow. The sow is afraid of heat, the piglet is afraid of cold, the sow is suitable for the temperature of 20~22 °C, and the piglet is 34~32 °C, which decreases according to the growth age. Ensure the quality of feed and feed intake of sows and reduce fatty diarrhea in piglets.
Secondly, for the diarrhea of ​​piglets in the current delivery room, the main pathogens are infectious gastroenteritis virus, epidemic diarrhea virus and Escherichia coli infection.
The sows in the delivery room can use Huanglian Jiedu Powder 2000g + T. sinensis peptide zinc / colistin) 1000g + Astragalus polysaccharide 1000g + multi-dimensional amount, continuous feeding sow 7 to 10 days.
Piglets with diarrhea at 7 days of age can be administrated with oral rehydration salts + high-quality multi-dimensional, 3 to 5 ml per piglet, once a day for 2 to 3 days. Spray the inlet cavity with a spray of neomycin + bromide scopolamine, and then add axillary polysaccharide injection + pefufloxacin mesylate injection (according to the indicated dose) once a day for 2 to 3 times.
Piglets and small piglets from 1 to 14 days in the delivery room can also be treated with intraperitoneal injection of glucose and sodium chloride in the range of 10 to 50 ml. The effect is better than oral rehydration.
For pigs who can feed on feed, the temperature of the bar can be increased, and the temperature should be above 20 °C, and the worst can not be lower than 15 °C, which is the key measure to improve the cure rate. Drinking oral rehydration salt rehydration is a necessary measure to reduce the mortality rate. .
After my observation on the treatment effect of many diarrhea piglets, the effect of the piglets within 7 days of age is not satisfactory, while the larger piglets and fattening pigs are very effective.
Qian Guowu: Strengthen management and improve resistance
For the treatment of viral diarrhea, I use a variety of measures to control the disease.
First, the interferon + sulfuric acid colistin injection is injected, and the mixture is administered at the same time, and the ceftriaxone + active microorganism is carried in the feed to maintain the intestinal environment. In addition to medical treatment, the pigs should be controlled, but they need to be supplemented with liquid food, such as porridge + electrolysis multi-dimensional + glucose powder to enhance the resistance of pigs. Also pay attention to the supplement of body fluids, prevention of dehydration and death, for the purification of pig drinking water, you can add glucose + vitamin + rehydration salt in drinking water, which is very helpful to improve the resistance of pigs.
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Fourth, for viral diarrhea, what do you think should be done to prevent the loss as much as possible?
Fan Fuhao: Do ​​a good job in three aspects of management
Although there is evidence that diarrhoea has a strong relationship with epidemic diarrhea, the diarrhea in the spring of 2011 is more closely related to the excessive cold in spring. It is necessary to attach great importance to the dialectical relationship between lung diseases and intestinal diseases. When pneumonitis occurs in the body, the lungs are hot and the water is excessively dispersed. The water in the large intestine is lacking and constipation occurs. The body encounters cold weather, the lungs are cold, and water accumulates in the large intestine, which is prone to diarrhea. Therefore, for the piglet diarrhea problem, we must attach great importance to the importance of insulation work.
In addition, when the body is poisoned, it is also prone to lung cold (even hypothermia), which can easily lead to diarrhea. In the spring of 2011, pigs with diarrhea suffered severe liver damage, detoxification of the body, and vomiting was the first symptom. Therefore, we must pay attention to the significant inducement of poisoning in diarrhea.
At the same time, it is necessary to pay attention to the fact that the rise in the price of feed ingredients is often closely related to the decline in quality. Due to the increase in feed ingredients, the quality of feed in 2010 and 2011 has generally declined, and many pigs in China have suffered from malnutrition.
Doing the above three aspects of work will help reduce the incidence of diarrhea in pigs.
Ye Weimin: The main point of prevention of this disease is vaccination to improve resistance.
Pregnancy sows are vaccinated against epidemic diarrhea-infectious gastroenteritis 30 days before delivery;
Ensure that the sow's nutrition during the late pregnancy is important, especially for the supply of nutrients a few days before the birth (most farms begin to control the sows 5 days before the birth), while supplementing high-energy liquid nutrients (ATP, AA) , ribonucleic acid, various vitamins, etc.) is a key measure to ensure the sow's prenatal condition, to ensure delivery, and to ensure the quality of sow colostrum.
Improve the immunity of the sows, and add Buzhong Yiqi Decoction such as Mycobacterium phlei polysaccharide, muramyl dipeptide, and Astragalus polysaccharide to the sow's feed 7 days before the birth to improve the disease resistance of the sow. Additives.
Adhere to the "all in and out" approach, before the sows are transferred from the pregnant house to the delivery room, the delivery room must be disinfected for more than 7 days; when the pregnant sows are transferred to the delivery room, the pregnant sows must be disinfected before they can be disinfected. Transfer in.
Keep the delivery room dry and keep warm, and the bottom of the bed and the corridor are best covered with quicklime.
Before the sow is delivered, disinfect the whole body with disinfectant, especially the buttocks and abdomen.
The piglet was adjusted to a temperature of 33 °C before birth. Before the piglets eat colostrum, squeeze the first drop of milk from each teat of the sow.
After the piglet is born, the immunoglobulin is administered before the colostrum. A large number of literatures have shown that the immunoglobulin has a good preventive effect on various diseases such as epidemic diarrhea-infectious gastroenteritis.
Li Xiusheng: It is the key to good immunization and management.
Inoculation of porcine diarrhea and infectious gastroenteritis: In the pregnant sow (45 days, 15 days before antenatal), immunization with attenuated post-mortem injection at a dose of 2 ml/head. According to the analysis of the laboratory of Huazhong Agricultural University, the 7-day-old diarrhea in the provinces, the main pathogens are TGE and PED. Immunization is a fundamental measure to reduce the incidence.
Do a good job in feeding management at all stages of the sow: especially the feeding management of the gilts to ensure maturity and mating. The gilts should not only ensure the nutritional needs of the fetus during pregnancy, but also ensure the growth of the self. Nutritional needs, body maturity is not up to standard, it is easy to cause decreased feed intake in late pregnancy, affecting fetal birth weight and milk secretion; strict feeding during pregnancy - strict feeding and refueling work; as much as possible to increase feed intake during lactation To ensure the secretion of milk, to avoid causing nutritional weight loss. Before entering the delivery room for 107 days, it is necessary to clean the whole body, disinfection and anti-bacterial disinfection.
Perinatal care: Mold-free, anti-viral, anti-bacterial, anti-stress, is a must-have to reduce the disease of the sow and the disease of the piglets, and requires a comprehensive and comprehensive.
Sows have disinfection symptoms when they are born: whole body spray disinfectant, secondary disinfection of the breast and vulva before labor: 1. Wash off fecal dirt with warm water 2. Wipe the whole body with 0.15 potassium permanganate.
After the postpartum injection to purify the bacteria; after the complete discharge of the placenta, insert an antibacterial drug for bacterial purification; sow after 24 hours of intramuscular injection of cloprostenol 2 ml
In addition, it is necessary to observe whether there is PPDS (lactation disorder) and timely treatment. The above measures can reduce the occurrence of piglet diarrhea caused by sows and control the high mortality caused by diarrhea within 7 days.
For pigs in other stages, it is necessary to strengthen nutrition, feed management, provide suitable growth environment temperature for growth, supply sufficient clean drinking water, and pay attention to drinking water in the winter to use deep well water, not too cold. Vaccination against infectious gastroenteritis and epidemic diarrhea is still an important measure to control winter diarrhea. Especially for gilts, the level of antibodies in the body is low, which is one of the reasons for the seriousness of the disease. It is recommended that the gilts should be properly injected, preferably 2 times.
Qian Guowu: Strengthening health prevention during the onset season
Looking at the prevalence of this disease in recent years, I personally think that when entering the winter, we must strengthen the immunization work of infectious gastroenteritis vaccine;
When entering the outbreak season of this disease, it is necessary to carry out the sexual health prevention work of “dosing the medicine and mixing materialsâ€; it is very important to maintain the intestinal environment of the livestock and poultry and to purify the water and disinfect the environment.
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