This year, the northeastern region has good climatic conditions in early spring, and rice transplanting has basically ended in early June. The area of ​​dry seedlings and machine transplanting in greenhouses has been significantly expanded, and the transplanting progress is fast and the quality is good. However, after planting, the temperature is low and the light is too small, resulting in slow growth of seedlings, late tillering, and uneven growth. At present, rice in Northeast China is at the peak of the tillering period and is a crucial period for field management. To this end, the Rice Experts Group of the Ministry of Agriculture proposed to take active and effective measures to effectively strengthen the field management of rice in the middle and late stages, promote the normal growth and development of rice, and fully capture the harvest of autumn grain.
(1) Strengthening water layer management. The water layer management in the tillering period should be shallow. In addition to high temperature and drought, windy days, high terrain, poor water quality, fertilization period and other special conditions, it is necessary to relatively fill some water. Generally, the water layer is kept at about 5 cm to increase the ground temperature and strengthen the soil. Permeability, promotes separation. Low-lying plots and poorly drained plots should be based on shallow wet management to prevent long-term water accumulation. After reaching the required number of stems, it is necessary to properly dry the field. In the late stage of grouting, shallow and wet intermittent irrigation is carried out until maturity. To improve the photosynthesis efficiency and material production capacity by cultivating the roots with gas, protecting the leaves with roots, and promoting grain with leaves.
(B) do a good job of formula fertilization. Rational application of manure fertilizer, balanced application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium to ensure sufficient stem number during the effective tillering period of rice. The field where the transplanting is early, the growth is good, and the number of stems is enough, the last manure should be applied in mid-June. Fields with late transplants, poor growth, and insufficient stems should be applied for the last manure before June 25, no later than the end of June. On the basis of ensuring sufficient nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, zinc fertilizer and silicon fertilizer are applied. At present, the field that has just started to divide, should promote the early rapid growth by adding supplementary measures such as biological bacterial fertilizer, compound micro-fertilizer and spraying foliar fertilizer. The application of panicle fertilizer should meet four conditions: yellowing, soil fertility decline, fine weather and safe and mature in the later stage. On this basis, the ear fertilizer can be applied skillfully, about 20 days before heading. The application of granular fertilizers is due to the fact that the seedlings are affected by the time, so as to avoid the occurrence of late-maturing and stem-stalks.
(3) Strengthening the prevention and control of pests and diseases. In recent years, rice stripe disease, sheath blight, rice smut, rice blast, rice stem borer, rice planthopper, rice aphid ("four diseases and three insects") frequently occur in the northeast region. Effective prevention and control of "four diseases and three insects" is the focus of field management in the middle and late stages. The first is to control stripe leaf blight. The disease mainly occurs in the southern northeastern rice region, especially the Huanghai rice-growing area and the Panjin rice area in southeastern Liaoning. In addition to the prevention of rice planthoppers and rice stem borer, Ningnanmycin, Viralin, and Fungi can be added to improve the disease resistance of rice. The second is to control rice sheath blight. Rice sheath blight in the southern northeastern rice region may occur as early as late June. At the end of June, the medication was started every 15 days, until the rice harvesting period was around August 15th. The medicine can be selected from Ai Miao, Manchu, Jinggangmycin, Triadimefon, Carbendazim and the like. The third is to prevent rice smut. In the rupture period, the main drugs are Ai Miao, Jinggangmycin, Triadimefon, Carbendazim and so on. The fourth is to prevent rice blast. In the northeast rice area, rice varieties have been single for many years. In addition, the temperature is low after the transplanting this year, the tiller occurs late, the growth is slow, and the rice farmers promote long-term heart-cutting, and often increase the amount of nitrogen fertilizer application, which is easy to induce the occurrence of late-ripening and rice blast. In the rice rupture, the heading stage, and the filling stage, the medicine was used three times, and the combination of man and machine was adopted to control the rule. The fifth is to prevent and cure sputum. This year, the rice stem borer in the southeastern part of the country has an early occurrence and a large base. It is now a dead sheath, 7 days earlier than normal. Grasp the prevention and control of the second generation of the cockroach, the main agents are insecticides, chlorpyrifos, etc., the second generation of cockroaches in the middle and late July for prevention and control. The sixth is to control rice planthoppers. It can be combined with the second generation of the stem borer and the second generation of the stem borer, and it can be added once in mid-July. The main agents are imidacloprid, buprofezin, dichlorvos, chlorpyrifos, pymetrozine and the like. Seven is to control mites. Focus on prevention and control after rice harvesting. The control agents include pymetrozine, fenvalerate, chlorpyrifos, dichlorvos and the like.
(4) Preventing low temperature and promoting early maturity. This year, the climate is changeable, and it should be based on low temperature, early maturity and high yield. Especially in the northeastern and eastern coldland rice-growing areas, the frequency of obstacle-type chilling damage is high, which should be paid more attention. To prepare well early, the water-fertilizer adjustment can make the reproductive sensitive period avoid the low temperature as much as possible and reduce the empty shell rate. Root fertilization is carried out at the heading and filling stage to promote early maturity and increase the seed setting rate and 1000-grain weight. It can be mixed with potassium dihydrogen phosphate and urea, and other foliar fertilizers can also be used.
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