The metal-air battery represented by the aluminum-air battery has a high theoretical energy density, but under non-working conditions such as storage and standby, the negative electrode tends to irreversibly corrode, resulting in loss of battery energy density and reduced life.
At present, there are many strategies for inhibiting the corrosion of negative electrodes of aluminum-air batteries, including negative electrode alloying, electrolyte additives, gel electrolytes, and non-aqueous electrolytes. These strategies have indeed alleviated negative electrode corrosion to a certain extent, but most of them are at the expense of reducing power density and energy density.
In view of this, Brandon J. Hopkins of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and others have developed a new strategy to replace the anode electrolyte with oil, which effectively inhibits the anode corrosion of aluminum-air batteries.
Figure 1. Schematic diagram of oil replacement electrolyte
Clever design
The researchers designed a flowing electrolyte system, and added a hydrophobic PTFE membrane to the negative electrode, and non-conductive perfluoropolyether oil was added to the electrolyte. When the battery is working, the electrolyte flows in the battery system. When the battery is not working, perfluoropolyether oil is pumped into the system, filling the metal electrode in the negative electrode and the separator.
The non-conductive oil inhibits the diffusion rate of the electrolyte to the surface of the negative electrode, and greatly reduces the corrosion of the negative electrode. The aluminum electrode and hydrophobic membrane ensure that the oil does not scale.
Figure 2. Selection of oil and diaphragm
Excellent performance
Based on this ingenious design, the usable energy density of the aluminum-air battery increased by 4.2 times, the corrosion was reduced by 99.99%, the self-discharge rate was reduced to 0.02%, and the system energy density could reach 700 Wh L-1 and 900 Wh kg-1.
Figure 3. Battery performance and package characterization
Of course, the researchers also comprehensively considered a series of problems in battery packaging, including the influence of the introduction of oil on the weight of the entire system, and conducted a 24-day experiment of battery switching cycles. Although the whole system is not perfect. However, this clever design concept provides a new idea and a powerful impetus for the practical application of metal-air batteries such as aluminum air. (Author: Weiyang)
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