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A research team consisting of Cui Wei, a renowned materials scientist at Stanford University, and Zhu Weiwen, former US Department of Energy Minister and Nobel Prize-winning physicist, recently made a major breakthrough in the practical application of metallic lithium electrodes. The research team led by Ph.D. student Liang Zhengwei made the concept of “pro-lithophilicity†for the first time, and successfully prepared a composite metal lithium electrode using a surface-pro-lithiated carbonaceous host material. The electrode can be greatly improved. Lithium battery performance.
In recent years, with the rapid development of portable electronic devices, electric vehicles and renewable energy sources, high-energy energy storage devices have become one of the research hotspots in the field of new energy and new materials. Lithium metal has a very high theoretical specific capacity and an ideal negative electrode potential. The secondary battery with lithium metal as a negative electrode has the advantages of high working voltage, high energy density, and the like, making metal lithium the material of choice in the field of energy storage today. However, the current specifications of lithium-ion secondary batteries, such as capacity, cycle life, and charging speed, cannot meet the growing demand of consumers. Therefore, the research and development of new electrode materials has become a top priority.
The newly studied composite lithium metal electrode has a small size change, a very high specific capacity and a good cycle and rate performance in the circulation process of the carbonate electrolyte system, and its voltage curve is also relatively smooth, breaking the current restrictions on metals. The main problems in the large-scale commercialization of lithium batteries are the side reactions of lithium metal and electrolytes, the dimensional changes of the electrodes during cycling, and the formation of lithium dendrites. The former greatly reduces the coulombic efficiency of the battery and affects its electrochemical performance; the latter two will bring serious security risks to the lithium metal battery.
In response to the above issues, the team conducted a series of studies. After many attempts, they turned their attention to nanotechnology. The research team conducted an in-depth study of the specific surface infiltration of the material, first proposed the concept of "lithophilicity", and used the surface of the "pro-lithiated" carbonaceous host material processed through the establishment of the "pro-lithium" interface material system. After the lithium metal was melted in a pioneering manner, capillary electrodes were used to inhale the voids in the carbon fiber network, and a composite lithium metal electrode containing a support frame was successfully prepared.
The composite lithium metal electrode consists of 10% by volume of carbon fiber and metallic lithium material. Carbon fiber network has good conductivity, high mechanical strength and electrochemical stability. Therefore, the main frame material of lithium metal is an excellent choice. Compared with previous related studies, Liang Zheng et al. melted metallic lithium and proposed the concept of “pro-lithium†and “lithium-doping†according to the infiltration of different materials, which provided new ideas for the research of metallic lithium electrodes and other The research in the field has a very high reference.
After the research results of this team were published online by the "National Academy of Sciences", it received wide attention from the industry. Follow-up coverage was reported by many media, and it was considered as a major breakthrough in the field of lithium battery research. The results of this research have now applied for US invention patents. (Reporter Zheng Xiaochun)
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