Tea is the traditional advantageous industry of Yingde agriculture. With the continuous reform and deepening of the tea farms in our city, most of the state-run tea farms are contracted to individual bosses, and tea gardens are distributed to farmers. This management system is easy to bring certain production to tea gardens. Problems such as extensive management of tea gardens, predatory picking, unreasonable use of pesticides, and high levels of pesticide residues. With the improvement of people's living standards, the quality of food hygiene such as tea is getting higher and higher, and pollution-free products have become a trend of consumption. Non-polluted tea refers to the tea whose sanitary quality index of harmful substances in tea products meets the maximum limit set by the state, and is harmless to the health of consumers. Non-polluted tea is mainly to meet the quality and hygiene standards by strictly selecting pesticide types and fertilizers to control pesticide residues. The following are some technical measures related to the production of pollution-free tea (reasonable use of pesticides, pesticide residue control), for the reference of tea production enterprises in our city.
First, the rational use of pesticides in tea gardens.
1, the correct choice of pesticides. Tea gardens should be based on the actual situation of pests and diseases, as well as the characteristics and toxicity of pesticides, and choose high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue, safe for crops and natural enemies, no adverse effects, and low cost. It is strictly forbidden to use pesticides with high toxicity, high toxicity and long residual period. In 2000, the Ministry of Agriculture announced No. 199. The state has banned the use of pesticides: methamidophos, carbofuran, hexachlorocyclohexane, DDT, toxaphene, trichloro Acaricides, insecticides, herbicides, aldrin, dieldrin, mercury preparations, arsenic, lead, dipyridamole, tetramine, pyrethroid, fenvalerate.
2. Grasp the best time for medication. Some tea farmers only need to find any pests and diseases, regardless of whether it is suitable for medication, spray immediately. In fact, different pests and diseases, the appropriate application period is different, such as control of leaf-feeding pests, must be mastered in the larvae three years old The effect of the previous medication is good. For small-sized, high-altitude sucking pests, such as small green leaf mites, the first insects should be used before the high dose to achieve the control effect. The small green leafhopper, also known as the leafhopper and the floating dust, is the main pest that harms the tea tree. It can occur 9-11 generations a year. The adult characteristics are harmful to the young shoots, sucking the juice, and living on the back of the leaf tip. After the leaf tip is damaged, the leaf edge is curled, the growth is stagnant, and the coke is present. The first insect peak began to appear in the second round of tea in early May. The first peak period lasted until mid-July, and the second peak period in mid-to-late September continued until mid-November. The main prevention and treatment methods are as follows: (1) timely picking up fewer leaves or leaves without multiple leaves, and taking a large number of eggs with the shoots; 2 promptly clearing weeds in tea gardens, intercropping should not be too dense, improving tea garden environment and inhibiting the occurrence of insects; 3 The pesticide control is sprayed on the back of the tea buds with 40% dimethoate or 80% dichlorvos 2000 times, which is better with fog spray.
3. Master the appropriate concentration and frequency of medication. Some tea farmers blindly increase the concentration and frequency of drug use. Excessive use of flower concentration and frequency of drug use have extremely adverse consequences, which not only increases the investment in tea gardens, but also kills natural enemies. The appropriate drug concentration should be the lowest effective concentration; the appropriate number of medications should be the least effective number. For tea garden picking rounds, each round of tea is required to be used only once.
4. Correctly understand the prevention and treatment effects. The purpose of medication is to control the further damage of pests and diseases, and reduce economic losses, rather than comprehensively eliminate it. It is impossible to eliminate a biological species. Rational use of pesticides is to achieve the effect of pest control, not to pollute the environment, to destroy the environmental conditions of natural enemies, and to protect people, animals, crops and protect natural enemies. Control effect.
Second, the control measures of tea garden pesticides.
1. Strengthen agricultural control. The tea garden fertilizes organic fertilizer and farmyard manure, and the nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium are rationally matched. The topdressing fertilizer is mainly composed of compound fertilizer, which controls the urea application rate and promotes the bio-organic fertilizer. The tea garden should timely cultivate the alfalfa, combine the pruning, and completely remove the dead branches and leaves in the tea garden, and put them into the deep burial in the row. In the autumn, the tea garden will be deeply cultivated, destroying the pest habitat and spawning place, and the disease and pest source, batch and more. Picking tea leaves at the same time, trimming at the right time, cutting off weak branches, diseased insects and long branches, and sealing the garden with stone sulfur mixture in winter to reduce the number of wintering insects and reduce the harm in the coming year.
2. Strengthen the construction of ecological tea gardens and promote ecological balance. The tea garden is a habitat for tea pests and beneficial biological populations. It is ecologically balanced and biologically diverse in the long-term symbiosis. According to the actual conditions of the tea gardens in various places, it is suitable to plant trees in the tea gardens such as the upwinds, surrounding areas and roads. The fruit trees reach the tea-forest-grass ecological balance, the tea gardens are rationally greened, the species are diverse, the soil and water conservation is good, and the ecological balance is achieved, forming an ecological tea garden.
3. Promote biological control and protect natural enemies. The use of beneficial organisms for biological control is a powerful means of ecological regulation of tea garden pests. Beneficial biological pesticides such as Bacillus thuringiensis, Beauveria bassiana, black thorn fungus preparations , plant preparations such as oxymatrine, azadirachtin, etc. to control striated weevil, small green leaf mites, aphids, black thorns, etc.; Insects such as Trichogramma, small bee parasitic flies and predatory natural enemy ladybugs, spiders, crickets, walking insects and birds. Protect and utilize the resources of natural enemies, avoid the use of pesticides with large killings, avoid pesticide application at the peak of natural enemies, create a good environment for the survival of natural enemies, and protect natural enemies.
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