Planting vegetables in greenhouses is a common method of growing off-season vegetables. Using greenhouses to grow off-season vegetables can not only increase the variety of vegetables people eat, but also bring considerable economic benefits. The following small series briefly introduces the technology that can increase the yield of vegetable cultivation in greenhouses.
1. Leveling the land and balancing fertilization
Greenhouse vegetable cultivation requirements are relatively high, regardless of the quality of the soil, or fertilization management has high requirements, from a scientific perspective. The vegetable land to be planted should be smooth and fine, and the land should be refurbished, fertilized, weeded, etc. before planting. Since the temperature in the greenhouse is different from the outside world, the amount of fertilization needs to be appropriate to avoid soil deterioration caused by excessive fertilization. Appropriately increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer to reduce the use of nitrogen fertilizer.
Second, choose a reasonable shed structure
Under normal circumstances, the choice of shed type span is 8-12m, the length of greenhouse is 60-120m, three-sided earth wall and three rows of columns, and bamboo or steel stand is best used on the column. Use a drip-free film on the shed to increase the temperature inside the greenhouse.
Third, the variety selection
The best choices are varieties that are resistant to low temperatures, low light requirements, high resistance, high humidity resistance, high yield, and short planting times. The high yield and good quality of the grown greenhouse vegetables can meet the market demand and improve economic efficiency. Such as planting cucumbers, tomatoes, green peppers, etc.
Fourth, the rational use of "shed gas" to regulate temperature and humidity
In the process of planting greenhouse vegetables, due to the closed atmosphere in the greenhouse, it is easy to produce some harmful substances, which damages the growth rate of vegetables. Therefore, it is necessary to properly control the shed gas and use the shed gas reasonably. In the morning, the vegetables in the greenhouse are relatively scarce of carbon dioxide, and CO fertilizer should be supplemented appropriately to promote the growth of vegetables. When the temperature is high in the afternoon, properly open the (2) tuyere to ventilate to avoid harmful gas damage to vegetables. The greenhouse vegetables selected for planting are mainly thermo-type, the optimum temperature is 25°C-33°C, the maximum temperature in survival cannot exceed 44°, and the lowest temperature cannot be below 0°. When the temperature exceeds 33 ° C, it is necessary to give a cooling treatment, and it is possible to use regular opening ventilation, ventilation holes, sprays, and the like. When it is lower than 0 ° C, a warming treatment such as hot air heating or the like is given. Pay attention to controlling the humidity in the shed to avoid excessive humidity and affect the growth of vegetables. Therefore, it is necessary to ventilate frequently to improve the humidity in the greenhouse.
V. Underwater drip irrigation
The evaporation and diffusion of water in the greenhouse is relatively slow. The evaporation rate of many greenhouse vegetables is half lower than that of the outside cultivation, especially in the evening, cloudy and winter, the humidity of the air is already saturated. The humidity in the greenhouse is too high, which seriously affects the growth of vegetables. Therefore, greenhouse vegetables can be irrigated by drip irrigation under the film. This method can not only greatly improve the environment inside the shed, but also control the humidity within the normal range, maintain the temperature inside the shed, reduce the incidence of diseases, and produce vegetables. Also improved. Under-film drip irrigation is an economical, convenient and effective irrigation method.
Sixth, scientific fight drugs
Because vegetables are prone to pests during the growth process, the main methods of prevention and treatment are to fight drugs and eliminate insects and comprehensive control. Common pests include tigers and mites. In order to choose a scientific fight, it is necessary to choose the right medicine. Under normal circumstances, the choice of containing copper, zinc, such drugs, not only can be super sterilization, but also increase the resistance of vegetables, effectively promote the growth of crops; maintain a good ecological environment, reduce humidity, can control the growth of pests, Reduce the number of fights; soil-borne bacteria are serious germs. If they are not well controlled at an early stage, the growing vegetables will be contaminated by germs. Therefore, it is necessary to pay attention to the prevention of seedling stage; physical control, such as deep tillage, variety selection, etc. . When different degrees of disease occur, symptomatic treatment and scientific fights should be taken.
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