Silicon crystalline solar cells are currently the mainstream of solar power generation technology. However, in terms of technologies that have already been commercialized on a large scale, the conversion efficiency is expected to hardly exceed 23%. The industry and research institutes have continued to actively develop various technologies to break through the ceiling of efficiency; the latest publicly available technology confirms that solar cell efficiency can exceed 30%.
The German Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems (ISE) cooperated with the Austrian company EV Group (EVG) and succeeded in using silicon solar cells as the basis. In addition, the multi-junction solar cell technology with two electrodes made the conversion efficiency of solar cells soaring. To 30.2%.
Researchers at Fraunhofer ISE and EVG have converted a micro-level tri-semiconductor material into silicon by a direct wafer bonding process; after plasma activation, the subcell on the surface of the epitaxial wafer will show a vacuum. By bonding, atoms on the surface of the sub-three sub-cells are closely bonded to silicon atoms to form a silicon-based secondary battery.
A multi-junction cell made up of three types of secondary cells such as gallium indium phosphide (GaInP), gallium arsenide (GaAs), and silicon (Si) is capable of absorbing a broader spectrum of sunlight and greatly improving conversion efficiency. Fraunhofer ISE and EVG have succeeded in increasing the conversion efficiency of the 3cm semiconductor/silicon multijunction cell of 4cm ^ 3 to 30.2%, which has exceeded the theoretical efficiency of the silicon crystalline solar cell ceiling of 29.4%, and was verified by the Fraunhofer laboratory. .
At present, the cost of this type of triple-fifth semiconductor/silicon multijunction cell is still high, and there is room for cost reduction in the triple-five electron epitaxial engineering and bonding technology. Researchers at Fraunhofer ISE stated that they will continue to conduct research to promote the introduction of solar modules with more than 30% conversion efficiency.
There is also Sharp, a Japanese manufacturer, who is also developing multi-junction technology for the development of high-efficiency solar cells. Sharp announced in May this year its research results in cooperation with Japan's NEDO, and created a solar photovoltaic cell with a conversion efficiency of 31.17% through compound triple bond technology, which is the highest conversion efficiency in the world.
Sharp's compound triple bond cell stacks three-layer light-absorbing structures such as indium phosphide, gallium arsenide, and indium gallium arsenide (InGaAs), and combines a special tunneling junction layer with a buffer layer to make it absorbable. More extensive and more efficient light absorption.
Sharp's 31.17% efficiency record released in May was achieved on a large area battery of 986 cm ^ 2; before that, the same technology had created 37.9% efficiency technology on a small area battery of 1.047 cm ^ 2. In the past, Sharp applied the technology to satellites, but in October of this year, Sharp applied it to a coffee chair, combined with a battery and a USB charging device, to create a special solar charging chair. Currently, three Starbucks have been installed in Tokyo. Store.
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