Coated tools are obtained by vapor deposition on a high-strength cemented carbide or high-speed steel (HSS) substrate with a coating of several micrometers of high-hardness, high-wear refractory metal or non-metallic compound coating. The coated tool has the characteristics of high surface hardness, good wear resistance, stable chemical properties, heat and oxidation resistance, low friction coefficient and low thermal conductivity. The coating material acts as a chemical barrier and a thermal barrier, reducing the distance between the tool and the workpiece. Diffusion and chemical reaction, which reduces the wear of crater. It can increase the tool life by 3~5 times than the uncoated tool during cutting, increase the cutting speed by 20%~70%, improve the machining accuracy by 0.5~1, and reduce the tool consumption cost. %~50%.
The emergence of coated tools is a revolution in the development of tool materials. Since the advent of coated tools, tool coating technology has developed rapidly and the types of coatings are increasing. Coated tools used in industrialized countries account for an increasing proportion of cutting tools, accounting for 70% to 80%. Coating tools have become the hallmark of modern tools. Table 1 shows the development of tool coating materials, from the first generation of single coatings to multi-layer coatings to meet the cutting process of different materials and cutting environments. With the development of coating technology, new types Nanotechnology coatings and soft coatings are gradually coming to market.
The tool coating technology better solves the contradiction between tool strength and toughness. By optimizing the lattice structure of the coating, adding alloying elements and multi-layer coating combination to improve the toughness of the coating to adapt to different cutting conditions, Greatly improved tool durability and cutting speed. At present, the research hotspot is to develop a new tool coating material with nano-multilayer structure and nano-composite coating. The soft coating of tool with special properties will also become a new research field of tool coating material.
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